The automatic observation system of the near surface optical turbulence is composed with CSAT3 three-dimensional sonic anemometer and WXT520 multifunctional weather sensor. Solar power and wireless transmission are used to realize unattended operation, while the conventional meteorological parameters and atmospheric refractive index structure constant C2n can be measured simultaneously. It consists of a control center and three sub stations, which can be measured at the same time to three points. The real temperature is obtained from virtual temperature via humidity correction. The atmospheric refractive index structure parameter C2n is calculated by using the method of single point temperature fluctuation, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The system can adapt to the complex and harsh environment, the performance is stable and reliable, and the sub station can be extended.