The control effects of the main insect of fruits—drosophila melanogaster were studied with the semiconductor laser in this paper. The experiment was designed with response surface method to investigate the biological effects on drosophila melanogaster with different laser power and irradiation time. The results showed that the death rate was above 99% to the larva of drosophila melanogaster under the conditions of laser power of 60 mW and irradiation time of 1282 s, with semiconductor laser at wavelength of 650 nm. At the same time, the weight of drosophila melanogaster was reduced, and the required eclosion time was decreased. Therefore, the semiconductor laser has strong biological effects to larva of drosophila melanogaster. However, when the power was below 40 mW, the laser light has the effect of promoting the growth of drosophila melanogaster. The experiment demonstrated that drosophila melanogaster did not show anti-laser effects in the third generation under the same experimental conditions compared with the control groups, it is suggesting the possibility of the semiconductor laser application on pest control of fruits.