In response to the problem of low signal-to-noise ratio and frequency dependent detection accuracy in the detection of vehicle vibration signals using a phase sensitive time-domain reflectometer (Phase Sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, φ-OTDR) system. A Guided Edge Filter (GEF) method has been proposed. The GEF method preserves and extracts effective vibration information while reducing the impact of noise. Use PZT to generate vibration signals of different frequencies. Compare the GEF method with the direct amplitude difference method experimentally. The results show that the signal-to-noise ratio obtained using the GEF method has an average improvement of 3.26 dB compared to the direct amplitude difference method. Using the vibration signals of vehicles driving on the road for testing, the results show that the highest signal-to-noise ratio obtained using the GEF method is 3.98 dB, which is 2.65 dB higher than the direct amplitude difference method.