A low-coherence fiber-optic dynamic light scattering (FODLS) technique is utilized to measure the effective viscosity of colloidal suspensions over a range of temperatures and volume fractions. Based on the single scattering theory, the volume fraction dependency of the effective viscosity can be obtained from the analysis of the single scattering spectra measured using FODLS. Experimental data on the viscous at Brownian short-times of colloidal suspensions are compared with theoretical results. The effective viscosity is in good agreement with the theoretical values by considering the Carnahan–Starling approximation. It is confirmed that the effective short-time viscosity of colloidal suspensions at different volume fractions and temperatures can be measured by the low-coherence FODLS technique.