Fig. 1. Schematic of turbid medium model comprising randomly oriented non-spherical particles

Fig. 2. Flow chart of improved vector Monte Carlo algorithm

Fig. 3. Diagram of meridian planes

Fig. 4. Single-scattering phase function of Rayleigh scattering particles with different shapes

Fig. 5. Influence of particle shape on backscattering light from Rayleigh scattering medium. (a) Difference of polarization degree Δ_diff of backscattering light as a function of optical thickness of medium; (b) total intensity I of backscattering light as a function of optical thickness of medium; (c) V component of backscattering light of circularly-polarized light as a function of optical thickness of medium; (d) Q component of backscattering light of linearly-po

Fig. 6. Single-scattering phase function of Mie scattering particles with different shapes

Fig. 7. Δ_diff of backscattering light from Mie-scattering-particle media with different shapes as a function of optical thickness

Fig. 8. Influence of Mie-scattering-particle shape on total intensity I and Stokes vector components Q and V of backscattering light. (a) Total intensity I of backscattering light as a function of optical thickness of medium; (b) component V of backscattering light as a function of optical thickness of medium when circularly-polarized light is incident; (c) component Q of backscattering light as a function of optical thickness of medium when linearly-polarized l

Fig. 9. Influence of particle shape on spatial distribution of backscattering-light intensity in medium (i: circularly-polarized light is incident; ii: linearly-polarized light is incident). (a) Medium of spherical particles; (b) medium of elliptic particles with a/b=0.1; (c) medium of elliptic particles with a/b=2.5; (d) medium of cylindrical particles with D/L=0.2; (e) medium of cylindrical particles with D/L=2.5; (f) medium of Chebyshev particle

Fig. 10. Spatial distributions of polarization degree of backscattering light from different media. (a) Medium of spherical particles; (b) medium of elliptic particles with a/b=0.1; (c) medium of elliptic particles with a/b=2.5; (d) medium of cylindrical particles with D/L=0.2; (e) medium of cylindrical particles with D/L=2.5; (f) medium of Chebyshev particles with n=4 and ε=0.15; (g) medium of Chebyshev particles with n=8 and <

Table 1. Validation of feasibility of proposed method (with different equivalent diameters)

Table 2. Single-scattering parameters of Rayleigh scattering particles with different shapes

Table 3. Single-scattering parameters of Mie scattering particles with different shapes