According to the control problem of loose and fractured roadway, there are many defects about ordinary cement grouting, and cement particles can not be injected into pores or fractures with a radius of less than 0.2 mm. The samples were made by mixture of carbon fiber, polymer and superfine cement, and the best proportion of grouting material was determined by uniaxial compression test and Brazilian splitting test. The test results show that the performance of cement mortar test block is the best when the content of carbon fiber is 10% (mass fraction) of cement content. The microstructure composition of the sample fragment was determined by electron microscope scanning (SEM). Combined with the Ohama model and Konietzko model of polymer film formation, the microstructure formation process and carbon fiber failure mode were analyzed, and the microscopic reinforcement mechanism of carbon fiber reinforced polymer cement grouting material was studied. This research provides technical support for reducing the maintenance cost of deep loose and fractured roadway and realizing the sustainable development of deep mining.