Abstract
1 Introduction
Lindenmayer (2019) synopsis, challenges our concepts towards the size of conservation areas and what size means towards conservation. The synopsis adds to the debate of single large or serval small areas for conservation (
Pilgrim et al. (2004) suggest viable populations of trees, as opposed to shrubs, require an extensive range due to pollination requirements. The type of pollination which Pilgrim et al. (2004) identified for trees was predominantly wind. Understanding population dynamics is seen as crucial to allow the conservation category to be validated (
Species classification within a conservation category follows a continuum from critically endangered to least concern. Deciding where to place a species along this continuum is sometimes based on a species spatial distribution (
2 The Study species - Allocasuarina robusta
Pollination in members of Casuarinaceae occurs by the wind; the bracteoles develop into a fruit that contains a single winged samara seed (
The conservation status of
3 Allocasuarina robusta Botanical data
An
One of the processes used for defining flora for conservation is using specimens collected and then using the specimens to generate a model of what makes a species rare (
Figure 1.Map of
Understanding the environmental factors impacting on flora may aid conservation practices, but it might not conserve a specific species (
Given and Norton (1993) concluded that a species must be one which has widespread appeal with the public. How this process identifies which species to protect or reinforce Given and Norton (1993) questioned. The natural extension of Given and Norton (1993) is the development of an action plan describing the priorities for conserving a species. These schemes work well within government, although they are considered flawed through thinking of each species on a linear continuum (
Population modelling needs to use a suitably sized population to enable a species to be self-sustaining. Quarmby (2011) validated populations of
4 Supportive or complementary data sources
Without this data, the next best option is to use historical land use accounts (
By the 1870’s cropping in the flat plateau areas, had concluded which incorporates the Hindmarsh Tiers area (
By the 1920s, extensive clearing for agriculture occurred around Victor Harbor (
Herbarium data does not provide insight into the type of land management practices for facilitating a species recovery. In the case of
The loss of vegetation via European colonisation on the Fleurieu Peninsula is estimated to be as high as 42% (
Paleontological records of Holocene sediments show
Fire can alter a vegetation community, causing lasting impacts for decades and possibly centuries to come (
A balance needs to occur between managing fire to maintain biodiversity and the risk of unpredictable fires impacting on human activities (
5 Relating to Allocasuarina robusta
Relating these land management practices and observation to
Environmental disturbance represents the most significant impact on Australian flora (
The lesson learnt from a species recovery and regeneration from changed natural processes could be applied to rare or threatened species, i.e.
The physical floristic specimen can provide genetic information, another source of evidence is the information on the specimen card provided by the collector (
Figure 2.Map of
Removal of
The supposition from biogeography influences on distribution may be an extension of the investigation conducted by
Biogeographical investigations from
The population data on
Figure 3.Zoomed in to a section of
Note: Robu =
Figure 4.A zoomed-in section of
Note: Map created in Open Source ESRI GIS.
Figure 5.Edited version of
Geographical gradients can impact on species morphology, while a revision on
To increase genetic diversity, Quarmby (2011) took remedial action by reinforcing populations with seedlings from other metapopulations. Quarmby (2011) remedial actions were using the best intentions but not knowing at a genetic level how each fragment of
To highlight the importance of understanding a species breeding system would be as Collier and Garnett (2018) describes the difference which can occur in sowing seeds by collecting seeds leading to the demise of the parent plant. Collier and Garnett (2018) acknowledge sowing seeds and the relationship seeds have with fire is not well understood. The size of populations can increase the risks posed to extinction either at various scales locally, regional or statewide (
6 Moving forward
As a society, the process of classifying threatened species can have significant implications. In the case of
The breeding systems in the context of fragmentation can provide a vital process into defining the needs to protect a species/population or better manage an existing population of
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