The aluminum alloy 2A02 coated with ethyl-silicate black paint was laser shocked using the laser setup with the 1.054 μm output wavelength and the 20 ns short pulse,then the fatigue experiment was carried out. The effect of laser shock processing upon the fatigue behavior of the aluminum 2A02 was analyzed via the comparison of microstructures,hardness and fatigue life of the material before and after the shock. The experiment results indicated that the residual compressive stress of the laser-shocked test material can reach 120 MPa above,and the strengthened depth can reach 1.5 mm,which makes the fatigue life of the material be increased 1.835-2.882 times,comparing to that non-laser-shocked. The scanning electronic microscope (SEM) analysis of the fatigue fracture morphology revealed that the fatigue fracture consists of fatigue crack′s initiation,fatigue crack propagation zone and final rupture,and the fatigue crack initiation on the laser-shocked specimen moves towards the inner layer of laser-hardened surface. The residual compressive stress effectively postpones the initiation of the fatigue cracks,slow-downs the propaganda rate of the cracks,and the cyclic hardening inhabits or reduces the secondary cracks to emerge,therefore the fatigue life of the laser shocked aluminum 2A02 can be remarkably increased.