Haiyang Wang, Mengxia Wang, Zhen Zhang, Yuanan Zhao, Dawei Li, Kun Shuai, Hailong Qiu, Zhonghan Zhang, Liangbi Su, Jianda Shao, "976 nm continuous-wave laser damage of Er:CaF2 crystals," High Power Laser Sci. Eng. 12, 05000e65 (2024)

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- High Power Laser Science and Engineering
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 05000e65 (2024)

Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of the experimental setup for a CW laser irradiation system. (b) Thresholds of Er:CaF2 crystals with different doping concentrations under CW laser irradiation at 976 nm.

Fig. 2. SEM images of typical damage morphology. (a) 1% Er:CaF2 and (b) 2% Er:CaF2 top views of the damage region resulting from CW laser irradiation, respectively. (c), (d) Magnified images of the rectangular region.

Fig. 3. Relationship between the maximum temperature and pump power at the incidence surface of the (a) 1% Er:CaF2 and (b) 2% Er:CaF2. The temperature field at the incidence surface of (c) 1% Er:CaF2 and (d) 2% Er:CaF2, under a pump power of 8 W.

Fig. 4. Temperature profiles in the x -axis direction of the incidence surface for 1% and 2% Er:CaF2 for pump power from 4.17 to 16.50 W using a three-dimensional finite-element simulation model.

Fig. 5. (a) Schematic of crystal fracturing under tensile stress. Stress fields of (b) 1% Er:CaF2 and (c) 2% Er:CaF2 crystals as damage occurs, calculated with a three-dimensional finite-element coupled thermodynamic model.

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