Fig. 1. Diagram of a new type heat pipe reactor core
Fig. 2. Component numbering
Fig. 3. Structure diagram of single heat pipe-fuel assembly
Fig. 4. Diagram of core cavity
Fig. 5. Equivalent network diagram of radiation heat transfer in the core cavity
Fig. 6. Schematic of mesh
Fig. 7. Verification of grid independence
Fig. 8. Temperature field contour under steady condition (a) At the axial midpoint of the evaporation section, (b) Core axial section
Fig. 9. Axial temperature distribution of No.155 component
Fig. 10. Transient variation of single heat pipe failure (a) Transient variation of reactivity and normalized power, (b) Transient variation of peak temperature
Fig. 11. Average normalized output power of each circle of heat pipes and normalized total input and output power (a) Case 1, (b) Case 2, (c) Case 3
Fig. 12. Output power of failed heat pipe and surrounding heat pipes (a) Case 1, (b) Case 2, (c) Case 3
Fig. 13. Axial temperature distribution of heat pipe failure (a) No.155 heat pipe failure, (b) No.156 heat pipe failure, (c) No.134 heat pipe failure
Fig. 14. Transient variation of three heat pipe failure (a) Transient variation of reactivity and normalized power, (b) Transient variation of peak temperature
Fig. 15. Transient variation of peak temperature in condition of four heat pipe failure
Fig. 16. Transient variation of parameters in case 3 and case 7 (a) Transient variation of reactivity and normalized power, (b) Transient variation of peak temperature and core average temperature
Fig. 17. Temperature field contour at the axial midpoint of the evaporation section (z=0.275 m) in case 7
结构Structure | 参数 Parameter | 数值 Value |
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外包壳Outer cladding | 单元边长 Unit side length / mm | 16.28 | 包壳材料 Cladding material | ODS MA 754 | 外气隙Outer gap | 外气隙外径 Outer gap outer diameter / mm | 27.10 | 燃料Fuel | 燃料外径 Fuel outer diameter / mm | 27.05 | 燃料材料 Fuel material | UN | 内气隙Inner gap | 内气隙外径 Inner gap outer diameter / mm | 23.05 | 内包壳Inner cladding | 内包壳外径 Inner cladding outer diameter / mm | 23.00 | 热管Heat pipe | 热管壁外径 Heat pipe wall outer diameter / mm | 21.50 | | 液相工质圆环外径 Liquid channel outer diameter / mm | 19.50 | | 吸液芯外径 Wick outer diameter / mm | 18.50 | | 蒸汽区外径 Vapor area outer diameter / mm | 17.90 | | 热管工质 Working fluid | K | | 管壁和吸液芯材料 Heat pipe wall and wick material | ODS MA 754 | | 蒸发段/绝热段/冷凝段长度 Evaporator/adiabatic/condensation section / mm | 550/350/350 | | 绝热段保温层外径 Insulation at adiabatic section outer diameter / mm | 23.00 | | 绝热段承压层外径 Pressure-bearing pipe at adiabatic section outer diameter / mm | 27.05 | | 冷凝段承压层外径 Pressure-bearing pipe at condensing section outer diameter / mm | 27.05 | | 单根热管传热能力[8] Heat transfer capacity of single heat pipe / kW | >20 |
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Table 1. Single heat pipe-fuel assembly parameters
参数 Parameter | 数值 Value |
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缓发中子份额 Delayed neutron fraction / % | 0.000 23, 0.001 20, 0.001 16, 0.003 33, 0.000 99, 0.000 33 | 缓发中子衰变常数 Decay constant of delayed neutron / s-1 | 0.012 49, 0.031 77, 0.109 62, 0.318 11, 1.351 18, 8.714 87 | 平均中子代时间 Mean neutron generation time / s | | 燃料与包壳温度反应性反馈系数 Temperature reactivity coefficient of fuel and cladding / $·K-1 | , | 功率分布 Power distribution | 轴向热点因子1.19,符合余弦分布 Axial hot point factor 1.19, cosine function distribution 径向热点因子1.13,符合贝塞尔函数分布 Radial hot point factor 1.13, bessel function distribution |
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Table 2. Neutron dynamic parameters of core and power distribution
| 额定工况 Steady state / K | 工况1 Case 1 / K | 工况2 Case 2 / K | 工况3 Case 3 / K |
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外包壳Outer cladding | 1 078.89 | 1 418.84(+339.95) | 1 259.28(+180.39) | 1 155.57(+76.68) | 燃料Fuel | 1 078.91 | 1 420.36(+341.45) | 1 261.86(+182.95) | 1 168.28(+89.37) | 内包壳Inner cladding | 1 061.02 | 1 412.59(+351.57) | 1 253.92(+192.90) | 1 167.91(+106.89) | 热管壁Heat pipe wall | 1 050.92 | 1 409.47(+358.55) | 1 251.13(+200.21) | 1 167.79(+116.87) |
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Table 3. Peak temperature of single heat pipe failure
| 额定工况Steady state / K | 工况4 Case 4 / K | 工况5 Case 5 / K |
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| 内腔绝热 Cavity adiabatic | 内腔辐射换热 Cavity radiation | 内腔绝热 Cavity adiabatic | 内腔辐射换热 Cavity radiation | 内腔绝热 Cavity adiabatic | 内腔辐射换热 Cavity radiation | 外包壳 Outer cladding | 1 078.89 | 1 078.81 | 1 732.26 | 1 548.17 | 1 478.91 | 1 471.31 | 燃料Fuel | 1 078.91 | 1 078.82 | 1 733.92 | 1 553.49 | 1 481.74 | 1 474.08 | 内包壳 Inner cladding | 1 061.02 | 1 060.89 | 1 729.15 | 1 550.99 | 1 473.20 | 1 465.61 | 热管壁 Heat pipe wall | 1 050.92 | 1 050.21 | 1 727.22 | 1 549.52 | 1 469.96 | 1 462.71 |
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Table 4. Comparison of the peak temperature of three heat pipe failure under different boundary conditions
| 工况3 Case 3 / K | 工况7 Case 7 / K |
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外包壳Outer cladding | 1 155.57(+76.68) | 1 117.63(+38.74) | 燃料Fuel | 1 168.28(+89.37) | 1 129.31(+50.40) | 内包壳Inner cladding | 1 167.91(+106.89) | 1 129.06(+68.04) | 热管壁Heat pipe wall | 1 167.79(+116.87) | 1 128.98(+78.06) |
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Table 5. Comparison of the peak temperature of case 3 and case 7