High-strength glass is an important window material in the fields of aerospace, information electronics and equipment manufacturing. In order to ensure that the glass can be used normally under harsh environmental conditions, it is necessary to continuously improve the mechanical strength, hardness and impact resistance of the glass. Therefore, the research of high-strength glass has attracted much attention. The current research on high-strength glass mainly focuses on: (1) exploring the relationship among the components, structure, performance of high-strength glass materials in different systems, and the performance changes of doped glass; (2) developing new strengthening methods for high-strength glass. Research on physical strengthening and chemical strengthening processes applicable to different high-strength glass systems. This article reviews the effects of oxides on the network structure and mechanical strength of different glass systems, compares the evolution characteristics of the mechanical properties of doped glasses based on the analysis of different glass systems and chemical composition, summarizes the research progress of high-strength glass composition design at home and abroad, and provides reference for scientific research and development of high-strength glass materials.