Water shortage has been become a vital restricted factor for developing of regional socio-economy. It is critical to harmonize the relationship between water exploitation and socio-economic development so as to achieve sustainable utilization of water resources. In this paper, we take Zhangjiakou as a case study, and adopt the Lorenz Gini coefficient method and imbalance index model to examine the spatiotemporal matching between water resources and socio-economy. The results indicate that the match status between water resources and population, and between water resources and farmland, were reasonable and relatively reasonable respectively from 2004 to 2015. The match status between water resources and economy was changing from complete to relative mismatch. In terms of spatial matching, there was little change of matching between water and population, and between water and farmland. The less water resources there are in a region, the faster economic development is, and the worse the matching between water and economy. This study is important for the development and utilization of water resources in the study area.