The statistical methods are used to analyze the data of refractive index structure parameter of surface layer in October, November and December in a mountainous area of west Fujian Province.The results show that the daily variations of refractive index structure parameter of surface layer in the area have obvious local area characteristics. The turbulence strength of November is weaker than that of October or December. The behavior of refractive index structure parameter in daytime decreases with the height increase and agrees with “－2/5” rule. The behavior of refractive index structure parameter at night decreases with the height increase and agrees with “－1/3” rule. The turbulence strength of October is the strongest in the three months. On the condition of same heights, the refractive index structure parameter in sunny day is about two times than the refractive index structure parameter in cloudy. In the end, the effects of atmospheric turbulence of surface layer on laser engineering on the condition of ceterain assumptions are provided.