In laser fuze, target detection and recognition by pulse laser is a key technical point in laser fuze short-range detection technology, and the influence of the target′s surface scattering properties on detection is a major research key in efficient damage and precise strike on targets through laser short-range detection. The target′s surface roughness and the attachment largely influence the strength of laser echo signal. Therefore, it is necessary to study the scattering properties shown by target surfaces with different roughness during laser short-range detection. Firstly, echo signal model was obtained through simulation, and then echo power experiment on surfaces with different roughness was carried out to verify the simulation results. In the experiment, target plates with different surface roughness were used, and methods such as changing the angle, changing the distance, etc., were adopted to observe the voltage curve, thereby obtaining the final result.