In order to study the early-age shear bond performance of special mortar for autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) panelfour groups of special mortar bonded Z-shaped specimens and one group of ordinary mortar bonded Z-shaped specimens were designed and fabricated. Through single-sided shear tests on these specimensthe shear bond strengthfailure characteristics and load-slip curves of ordinary mortar bonded specimens and special mortar bonded specimens under different curing ages were analyzedAdditionallya shear finite element model of special mortar bonded specimens was established by ABAQUS software. The results show that the early-age bond strength of special mortar is higher and develops more rapidly. After 1 d of curingthe shear bond strength of special mortar is 3.5 times higher than that of ordinary mortar of the same strength grade after 28 d of curing. With the increase of curing agethe shear stiffness and ultimate slip of the bond surface of special mortar increase slightly. Compared with the ordinary mortarthe plastic deformation capacity and the bond strength of the test block-mortar interface of special mortar are significantly improved. The load-slip curve and failure characteristics calculated by finite element are in good agreement with the test resultswhich verifies the effectiveness and reliability of the traction-separation law simulation of the bond behavior of special mortar.