The damage behavior and energy dissipation characteristics of basalt fiber concrete with four different fiber content were investigated under four strain rates based on the split Hopkinson pressure bar test apparatus. The results indicate that with the increase of strain rate, the fractal dimension of concrete with varying basalt fiber content linearly increases. The addition of fibers tends to reduce the rate of growth of fractal dimension. The incident energy, reflected energy and dissipated energy of concrete exhibit a linear growth trend, while the transmitted energy shows a slight decrease. With the increase of fiber content, the fractal dimension of basalt fiber concrete increases first and then decreases at different strain rates， and the dissipated energy density follows an "S"-shaped trend, increasing first, decreasing, and then increasing again. As the fractal dimension grows, the dissipated energy density of concrete with different basalt fiber contents linearly increases. The best optimal performance is achieved when the fiber volume fraction is 0.1%, resulting in the maximum tolerance to damage.