Author Affiliations
1School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China2School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Control block diagram
Fig. 2. Schematic of experimental setup
Fig. 3. Light source of PTT system. (a) Overall optical path; (b) pulse laser; (c) continuous laser
Fig. 4. Integrated probe. (a) Lateral view of the probe; (b) light exit of the probe; (c) 3D model of the integrated probe
Fig. 5. Power control module of the PTT system
Fig. 6. Physical map of experimental phantom. (a) Side view of the phantom; (b) top view of the phantom; (c) the control variable
Fig. 7. Peak-to-peak value of photoacoustic signal of phantoms
Fig. 8. Linear relationship between temperature and photoacoustic signal of each phantom. (a) Control group 1; (b) control group 2; (c) control group 3; (d) control group 4; (e) control group 5; (f) control group 6
Fig. 9. Variation of photoacoustic signal with temperature
Fig. 10. Photoacoustic image of vascular phantom
Fig. 11. Photoacoustic images and sampling signals at different temperatures. (a) Photoacoustic image at 31 ℃; (b) photoacoustic image at 36 ℃; (c) photoacoustic image at 41 ℃; (d) photoacoustic signal at 41 ℃; (e) photoacoustic signal at 36 ℃; (f) photoacoustic signal at 31 ℃
Fig. 12. Distribution curve of intensity values in photoacoustic image matrix
Fig. 13. Linear fitting result between photoacoustic data and actual temperature of phantom. (a) Sensitive point of photoacoustic temperature; (b) average pixel value
Fig. 14. Multimodal reconstruction. (a) Photoacoustic image; (b) ultrasound image; (c) temperature distribution image
Fig. 15. Temperature of human tissue phantom
Fig. 16. Deviation of measured temperature for human tissue phantom
Fig. 17. Temperature measured by thermocouple and photoacoustic method
Groupnumber | Deionized waterquality md /g | Agar qualityma /g | Ink qualitymi /g |
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0 | 10.035 | 0.403 | 0 | 1 | 10.015 | 0.402 | 0.009 | 2 | 10.028 | 0.401 | 0.020 | 3 | 10.005 | 0.401 | 0.040 | 4 | 10.011 | 0.399 | 0.069 | 5 | 10.026 | 0.402 | 0.092 | 6 | 10.016 | 0.401 | 0.126 |
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Table 1. Parameters of phantom
Method | Maximumfollowingerror Em /℃ | Root meansquareerror /℃ | Adjustmenttime ts /s |
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Thermocouple | ±1.2 | 0.94 | 6.8 | Photoacoustics | ±1.1 | 0.63 | 7.3 |
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Table 2. Temperature control accuracy of two temperature measurement methods