The relation between particle movement and atmospheric turbulence is discussed starting from the particle movement function in the atmospheric turbulence. It is found that the longer the particle movement relaxation time, the more evident the inertial effect, and the more different the particle movement and atmospheric movement are. The mathematic model is set up by using physics image analysis, the expression of aerosol concentration field in limited space is derived, and the correspondent numerical analysis is carried out. The experimental data of visibility sensor in short time indicate the influence of the aerosol concentration field fluctuation on intensity and phase of light on the path of light propagation.