In order to solve the defect of the proportional-integral control algorithm in adaptive optical correction performance, a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control method is proposed to improve the correction performance of the adaptive optical system. Experimental verification in the actual system is performed in this paper. Compared with the proportional-integral control, the LQG control method can improve the peak intensity of the far-field spot from 3000 ADU to 3700 ADU, and decrease the root mean square value of the residual wavefront from 0.039 μm to 0.026 μm. The LQG control method can also suppress the violent jitter of the far-field optical field after closed-loop and improve the convergence speed of the deformed mirror voltage, further improving the stability and response speed of the adaptive optical system.