By seamlessly integrating the distinctive characteristics of experiments with teaching objectives, the comparative teaching method was innovatively employed in the experimental class, thoroughly examining its application and practice within infrared spectroscopy analysis experimental teaching. Through the implementation of this teaching method, students not only gain a profound understanding of the similarities and differences between transmission method and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy analysis method, but also master the practical application skills of these two methods. Practice has demonstrated that the comparative learning method not only effectively drives the reform and quality enhancement of polymer material analysis experiments, but also serves to strengthen student’s practical operation ability, stimulate their research passions, and establish a robust foundation for nurturing future research talents.