In order to test and analyze the physical evidence of plastic beverage bottles, 57 samples of plastic beverage bottles were inspected by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and thickness meter, and analyzed and treated by means of cluster analysis. Firstly, the main components of plastic beverage bottles were tested by infrared spectroscopy. According to the different components of the samples, they can be divided into polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Secondly, the main filler calcium carbonate in the sample can be determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and the samples can be distinguished according to the content of Ca elements. Finally, the thickness of plastic beverage bottle sample can be measured by thickness meter. According to the color, specification, composition, Ca content and sample thickness of the samples, the samples can be distinguished by the cluster analysis method. The experimental results show that the method is simple, fast, accurate, reliable and non-destructive, and can be used to distinguish and inspect plastic beverage bottles.