Phosphogypsum is a byproduct in the wet process of phosphate fertilizer production, with its main phase being CaSO4·2H2O. Despite China being the world’s largest producer of phosphogypsum, its comprehensive utilization rate is below 50%. The accumulated stock has reached 800 million tons, causing severe ecological damage. Therefore, exploring effective utilization methods for phosphogypsum is urgently needed. This article analyzes the current research status of the comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum in various fields. Currently, the utilization rate of phosphogypsum in the chemical industry is only 5%, and in agriculture is a mere 2%, while the building materials sector remains its primary application field. Industrial applications such as using phosphogypsum as a cement retarder, gypsum block, and cement mortar have been industrialized. However, its application in cementitious materials and subgrade materials has not been widely adopted due to concerns about leaching toxicity. The use of phosphogypsum as a filler is still in the experimental exploration phase due to the relatively low strength of material. The paper concludes by envisioning the future trends in the research on environmental friendly utilization of phosphogypsum, aiming to provide references for resolving the stockpile issue of phosphogypsum.