Tunneling Ionization of Atoms and Molecules in Femtosecond-Laser Fields and its Applications

Zhenning Guo; Xueyan Ma; Meng Han; Peipei Ge; Mingming Liu; Yunquan Liu

doi:10.3788/CJL201946.0508017

[1] Maiman T H. Stimulated optical radiation in ruby[J]. Nature, 187, 493-494(1960). http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v187/n4736/abs/187493a0.html

[2] Strickland A D, Mourou G. Compression of amplified chirped optical pulse[J]. Optics communications, 55, 447-449(1985). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0030401885901518

[3] Leng Y X. Shanghai superintense ultrafast laser facility[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 46, 0100001(2019).

[4] Zhu J Q, Chen S H, Zheng Y X et al. Review on development of Shenguang-Ⅱlaser facility[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 46, 0100002(2019).

[5] Zhao Y P, Xu Q, Li Q et al. 13.5 nm extreme ultraviolet light source based on discharge produced Xe plasma[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 46, 1100001(2018).

[6] Keldysh L V. Ionization in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave[J]. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, 20, 1307-1313(1965).

[7] Perelomov A M, Popov V S. Terent'ev M V. Ionization of atoms in an alternating electric field[J]. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, 23, 924-934(1966).

[8] Ammosov M V, Delone N B, Krainov V et al. Tunnel ionization of complex atoms and of atomic ions in an alternating electromagnetic field[J]. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, 64, 1191-1194(1986). http://spie.org/Publications/Proceedings/Paper/10.1117/12.938695

[9] Tong X M, Zhao Z X, Lin C D. Theory of molecular tunneling ionization[J]. Physical Review A, 66, 033402(2002). http://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.66.033402

[10] Han M, Ge P P, Shao Y et al. Revealing the sub-barrier phase using a spatiotemporal interferometer with orthogonal two-color laser fields of comparable intensity[J]. Physical Review Letters, 119, 073201(2017). http://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.073201

[11] Han M, Li M, Liu M M et al. Tunneling wave packets of atoms from intense elliptically polarized fields in natural geometry[J]. Physical Review A, 95, 023406(2017). http://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.95.023406

[12] Geng J W, Xiong W H, Xiao X R et al. Nonadiabatic electron dynamics in orthogonal two-color laser fields with comparable intensities[J]. Physical Review Letters, 115, 193001(2015). http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/26588375

[13] Liu M M, Li M, Wu C Y et al. Phase structure of strong-field tunneling wave packets from molecules[J]. Physical Review Letters, 116, 163004(2016). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27152800

[14] Corkum P B. Plasma perspective on strong field multiphoton ionization[J]. Physical Review Letters, 71, 1994(1993). http://ptep.oxfordjournals.org/external-ref?access_num=10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1994&link_type=DOI

[15] Schafer K J, Yang B R. DiMauro L F, et al. Above threshold ionization beyond the high harmonic cutoff[J]. Physical Review Letters, 70, 1599(1993). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10053336

[16] Hu B, Liu J, Chen S G. Plateau in above-threshold-ionization spectra and chaotic behavior in rescattering processes[J]. Physics Letters A, 236, 533-542(1997). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375960197008116

[17] Li M, Geng J W, Liu H et al. Classical-quantum correspondence for above-threshold ionization[J]. Physical Review Letters, 112, 113002(2014). http://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.113002

[18] Arbó D G, Ishikawa K L, Schiessl K et al. Intracycle and intercycle interferences in above-threshold ionization: the time grating[J]. Physical Review A, 81, 021403(2010). http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000036965135910_94e2.html

[19] Huismans Y, Rouzée A, Gijsbertsen A et al. Time-resolved holography with photoelectrons[J]. Science, 331, 61-64(2011). http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/21163963

[20] Meckel M, Staudte A, Patchkovskii S et al. Signatures of the continuum electron phase in molecular strong-field photoelectron holography[J]. Nature Physics, 10, 594-600(2014). http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v10/n8/abs/nphys3010.html

[21] Bian X B, Bandrauk A D. Attosecond time-resolved imaging of molecular structure by photoelectron holography[J]. Physical Review Letters, 108, 263003(2012).

[22] Krausz F, Ivanov M. Attosecond physics[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 81, 163(2009).

[23] Morishita T, Chen Z J, Watanabe S et al. Two-dimensional electron momentum spectra of argon ionized by short intense lasers: comparison of theory with experiment[J]. Physical Review A, 75, 023407(2007). http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=VIRT05000006000003000108000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=Yes

[24] Becker W, Grabon F, Kopold R et al. Above threshold ionization: from classical features to quantum effects[J]. Advances in Atomic Molecular & Optical Physics, 48, 35-98(2002). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049250X02800064/pdf?md5=43378e15c3262663bf2524c919ff4ad4&pid=1-s2.0-S1049250X02800064-main.pdf&_valck=1

[25] Miloševi B, Paulus G, Bauer D et al. . Above-threshold ionization by few-cycle pulses[J]. Journal of Physics B, 39, R203-R262(2006). http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004APS..DMP.B4010M

[26] Han M, Ge P P, Shao Y et al. Attoclock photoelectron interferometry with two-color corotating circular fields to probe the phase and the amplitude of emitting wave packets[J]. Physical Review Letters, 120, 073202(2018). http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/29542985

[27] Liu M M, Han M, Ge P P et al. Strong-field ionization of diatomic molecules in orthogonally polarized two-color fields[J]. Physical Review A, 97, 063416(2018).

[28] Landau L D, Lifshitz E M[M]. Quantum mechanics: non-relativistic theory(1977).

[29] Boge R, Cirelli C, Landsman A S et al. Probing nonadiabatic effects in strong-field tunnel ionization[J]. Physical Review Letters, 111, 103003(2013). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25166662

[30] Salieres P. Feynman's path-integral approach for intense-laser-atom interactions[J]. Science, 292, 902-905(2001). http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=VIRT04000001000001000023000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=Yes

[31] Yan T M, Bauer D. Sub-barrier Coulomb effects on the interference pattern in tunneling-ionization photoelectron spectra[J]. Physical Review A, 86, 053403(2012). http://arxiv.org/abs/1209.0704

[32] Li M, Liu M M, Geng J W et al. Experimental verification of the nonadiabatic effect in strong-field ionization with elliptical polarization[J]. Physical Review A, 95, 053425(2017).

[33] Liu M M, Li M, Shao Y et al. Effects of orbital and Coulomb potential in strong-field nonadiabatic tunneling ionization of atoms[J]. Physical Review A, 96, 043410(2017). http://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.96.043410

[34] Pedatzur O, Orenstein G, Serbinenko V et al. Attosecond tunnelling interferometry[J]. Nature Physics, 11, 815-819(2015).

[35] Gong X, He P, Song Q et al. Two-dimensional directional proton emission in dissociative ionization of H2[J]. Physical review letters, 113, 203001(2014). http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/25432039

[36] Eckle P, Smolarski M, Schlup P et al. Attosecond angular streaking[J]. Nature Physics, 4, 565-570(2008).

[37] Eckle P, Pfeiffer A N, Cirelli C et al. Attosecond ionization and tunneling delay time measurements in helium[J]. Science, 322, 1525-1529(2008). http://www.jstor.org/stable/20176959

[38] Pfeiffer A N, Cirelli C, Smolarski M et al. Attoclock reveals natural coordinates of the laser-induced tunnelling current flow in atoms[J]. Nature Physics, 8, 76-80(2012). http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v8/n1/abs/nphys2125.html

[39] Torlina L, Morales F, Kaushal J et al. Interpreting attoclock measurements of tunnelling times[J]. Nature Physics, 11, 503-508(2015). http://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/DAMOP15/Event/246513

[40] Villeneuve D M, Hockett P. Vrakking M J J, et al. Coherent imaging of an attosecond electron wave packet[J]. Science, 356, 1150-1153(2017).

[41] Ge P P, Han M, Deng Y K et al. Universal description of the attoclock with two-color corotating circular fields[J]. Physical Review Letters, 122, 013201(2019).

[42] Meckel M, Comtois D, Zeidler D et al. Laser-induced electron tunneling and diffraction[J]. Science, 320, 1478-1482(2008). http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/18556555

[43] Akagi H, Otobe T, Staudte A et al. Laser tunnel ionization from multiple orbitals in HCl[J]. Science, 325, 1364-1367(2009). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745145

[44] Liu H, Zhao S F, Li M et al. Molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions of strong-field tunneling from inner orbitals[J]. Physical Review A, 88, 061401(2013). http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhRvA..88f1401L

[45] Niikura H, Légaré F, Hasbani R et al. Sub-laser-cycle electron pulses for probing molecular dynamics[J]. Nature, 417, 917-922(2002). http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=VIRT05000001000002000031000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=Yes

[46] Niikura H, Légaré F, Hasbani R et al. Probing molecular dynamics with attosecond resolution using correlated wave packet pairs[J]. Nature, 421, 826-829(2003). http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/12594508

[47] Barth I, Smirnova O. Nonadiabatic tunneling in circularly polarized laserfields: physical picture and calculations[J]. Physical Review A, 84, 063415(2011). http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=VIRT05000011000001000075000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=Yes

[48] Herath T, Yan L, Lee S K et al. Strong-field ionization rate depends on the sign of the magnetic quantum number[J]. Physical Review Letters, 109, 043004(2012). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23006084

[49] Hartung A, Morales F, Kunitski M et al. Electron spin polarization in strong-field ionization of xenon atoms[J]. Nature Photonics, 10, 526-528(2016). http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/v10/n8/nphoton.2016.109/metrics

[50] Liu M M, Shao Y, Han M et al. Energy- and momentum-resolved photoelectron spin polarization in multiphoton ionization of Xe by circularly polarized fields[J]. Physical Review Letters, 120, 043201(2018). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29437408

[51] Pierce D T, Celotta R J, Wang G C et al. The GaAs spin polarized electron source[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 51, 478-499(1980). http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4983646

[52] Fittinghoff D N, Bolton P R, Chang B et al. Observation of nonsequential double ionization of helium with optical tunneling[J]. Physical Review Letters, 69, 2642(1992). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10046547

[53] Becker W, Liu X J, Ho P J et al. Theories of photoelectron correlation in laser-driven multiple atomic ionization[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 84, 1011(2012). http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012rvmp...84.1011b

[54] Xie X H, Roither S, Kartashov D et al. Attosecond probe of valence-electron wave packets by subcycle sculpted laser fields[J]. Physical Review Letters, 108, 193004(2012). http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/23003033

[55] Brugnera L, Hoffmann D J, Siegel T et al. Trajectory selection in high harmonic generation by controlling the phase between orthogonal two-color fields[J]. Physical Review Letters, 107, 153902(2011). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22107293