Rural restructuring is a complex economic-social-spatial phenomenon. Based on the human-land relationship theory, this study analyzed the rural restructuring characteristics by the internal factor changes of rural regional system, interpreted the mechanism by the changes of external environment, elucidated the model coupling with external driving factors and endogenous factors, and tried to improve the geographic analysis framework of rural restructuring. Three highlight results were unveiled. First, the rural restructuring in the Jianghan Plain has the characteristics of temporal continuity and spatial non-equilibrium. The comprehensive index of rural restructuring kept growing during the study period, indicating a spatial distribution pattern of high value along the main traffic trunk from "U" shape to ring shape and low value expressed as "point (plain hinterland) and line (along the Yangtze River)". Second, the rural restructuring mechanism in the Jianghan Plain mainly reflects the coupling effect of external driving factors such as industrialization, urbanization and marketization with endogenous factors such as economy, society and space. The expansion of non-agricultural industries triggers the rural population migration and employment transfer, then promotes the restructuring of rural "stock" elements such as population, land and industry. Third, economic-social restructuring is the main model of rural restructuring in Jianghan Plain. The changes in industrial structure and production mode have exacerbated the deterioration of rural ecological environment and human settlement, with the results that rural revitalization and its sustainable development face the dual challenges of water pollution and flood disasters. The research framework reveals the geographical characteristics of rural areas in the Jianghan Plain, and the special views of rural restructuring in main agricultural production regions in Central China. The research results will provide theoretical inspiration for the geographical reconstruc-tion of rural restructuring and decision support for the rural revitalization in the case area.