To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CO2 laser sclerectomy with iridectomy (CLSI)as an main initial treatment for diagnosed primary glaucoma, after intraocular hypertension rabbit model is created, right eyes are treated with an improved CO2 laser glaucoma treatment system with self-feedback and left eyes are treated with traditional trabeculectomy. Postoperative anterior chamber reaction, filtering bleb, mean intraocular pressure (IOP), and pathology examination are observed. Anterior chamber reaction of laser group is lower than that of traditional surgery group. On the 14th and 21th days postoperatively, obvious decrease of functional filtering bleb number and increase of mean IOP are found in traditional surgery group . There is statistical significance between these two groups (P<0.05). Compared with laser group, more serious hemorrhage and fiber proliferation, and much shorter lifespan of filtering route are observed in traditional surgery group. CLSI is a safer and simpler operation procedure that effectively reduces IOP with less complications.