• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 7, Issue 6, 622 (2019)
Yu Yin1, Shi Li1, Shunbin Wang1, Shijie Jia1, Jing Ren1, Gerald Farrell2, Elfed Lewis3, and Pengfei Wang1、4、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of In-Fibre Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
  • 2Photonics Research Centre, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
  • 3Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
  • 4Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
  • show less
    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.7.000622 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Yu Yin, Shi Li, Shunbin Wang, Shijie Jia, Jing Ren, Gerald Farrell, Elfed Lewis, Pengfei Wang. Ultra-high-resolution detection of Pb2+ ions using a black phosphorus functionalized microfiber coil resonator[J]. Photonics Research, 2019, 7(6): 622 Copy Citation Text show less
    (a) Schematic diagram of the MCR. (b) Adsorption between BP and Pb2+.
    Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of the MCR. (b) Adsorption between BP and Pb2+.
    (a) Schematic diagram of MCR fabrication process. (b) Schematic diagram of BP deposition and the Pb2+ detection process. The inset in (b) shows the scanning electron microscopy image of the BP nanosheets.
    Fig. 2. (a) Schematic diagram of MCR fabrication process. (b) Schematic diagram of BP deposition and the Pb2+ detection process. The inset in (b) shows the scanning electron microscopy image of the BP nanosheets.
    (a) Spectral response of sensor without BP functionalized to varying Pb2+ concentration. (b) Sensitivity curve for refractive index for a non-functionalized sensor without BP deposition.
    Fig. 3. (a) Spectral response of sensor without BP functionalized to varying Pb2+ concentration. (b) Sensitivity curve for refractive index for a non-functionalized sensor without BP deposition.
    (a) Transmission spectra in the BP deposition. (b) Response time curve for the deposition of BP on the MCR.
    Fig. 4. (a) Transmission spectra in the BP deposition. (b) Response time curve for the deposition of BP on the MCR.
    Spectral evolution before and after several cycles of BP deposition.
    Fig. 5. Spectral evolution before and after several cycles of BP deposition.
    (a) Resonance wavelength change against the number of deposition cycles. (b) Extinction ratio change against the number of deposition cycles.
    Fig. 6. (a) Resonance wavelength change against the number of deposition cycles. (b) Extinction ratio change against the number of deposition cycles.
    (a) Transmission spectra of the BP-MCR sensor with different concentrations of Pb2+. (b) Sensitivity comparison between non-functionalized and BP functionalized sensors.
    Fig. 7. (a) Transmission spectra of the BP-MCR sensor with different concentrations of Pb2+. (b) Sensitivity comparison between non-functionalized and BP functionalized sensors.
    Langmuir mode of the resonance wavelength shift with concentration of Pb2+.
    Fig. 8. Langmuir mode of the resonance wavelength shift with concentration of Pb2+.
    Response time curves with the BP-MCR sensor immersed in Pb2+ concentrations of 0.1, 10, and 100 ppb.
    Fig. 9. Response time curves with the BP-MCR sensor immersed in Pb2+ concentrations of 0.1, 10, and 100 ppb.
    (a) Transmission spectra of the BP functionalized sensor at different temperatures. (b) Linear fitting of the temperature response of the BP functionalized sensor. The points are experimental data, and the line is the linear fit of experimental data to temperature.
    Fig. 10. (a) Transmission spectra of the BP functionalized sensor at different temperatures. (b) Linear fitting of the temperature response of the BP functionalized sensor. The points are experimental data, and the line is the linear fit of experimental data to temperature.
    Resonance wavelength shift of the BP-MCR sensor with different pH values of the solution.
    Fig. 11. Resonance wavelength shift of the BP-MCR sensor with different pH values of the solution.
    Resonance wavelength shifts of the BP functionalized sensor for Pb2+ solutions after different durations.
    Fig. 12. Resonance wavelength shifts of the BP functionalized sensor for Pb2+ solutions after different durations.
    No.Modified ObjectMaterialsLOD (ppb)Reference
    1Screen-printed carbon electrodeGraphene/polyaniline/polystyrene nanoporous fiber3.3[55]
    2Screen-printed carbon electrodeBi nanoparticles0.9[56]
    3Glassy carbon electrodeLiquid phase-exfoliated graphene nanosheets1.82[57]
    4Chlorinated polyethyleneBismuth nanoparticle-porous0.65[58]
    5U-shaped optical fiber probeOxalic acid functionalized Au nanoparticles1.75[50]
    6Microfiber coil resonatorBlack phosphorus0.0285This work
    Table 1. Summary of Different Kinds of Sensors for Pb2+ Detection
    Yu Yin, Shi Li, Shunbin Wang, Shijie Jia, Jing Ren, Gerald Farrell, Elfed Lewis, Pengfei Wang. Ultra-high-resolution detection of Pb2+ ions using a black phosphorus functionalized microfiber coil resonator[J]. Photonics Research, 2019, 7(6): 622
    Download Citation