It is important for researching climate change and monitoring environment to obtain aerosol optical depth accurately. With the aerosol optical depth products derived from satellites increasing, comparison between different aerosol optical depth products can offer an important basis for users to choose the appropriate products. MODIS aerosol products’ applicability for four kinds of underlying surfaces with AERONET ground-based observations data was analyzed. The comparison shows that: in China region, for the suburb, forest, lake, the optimal one is MODIS sixth version retrieval algorithm. The fifth version algorithm is suitable for the urban underlying surface. The conclusions can provide references for selecting MODIS aerosol products in China region.