In this study, fluorescent La2(MoO4)3∶Eu and magnetic Fe3O4 nanomaterials were synthesized by hydrothermal and coprecipitation, respectively. The size, morphology, crystal structure, and fluorescent property of as-synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy (FS). The La2(MoO4)3∶Eu fluorescent nanomaterials were flaky in shape, and the crystal structure was tetragonal La2(MoO4)3 phase. The La2(MoO4)3∶Eu fluorescent nanomaterials could emit strong red fluorescence under 254 nm ultraviolet(UV) excitation.While the magnetic Fe3O4 nanomaterials were spherical in shape with an average diameter of about 60 nm, and the crystal structure was cubic Fe3O4 phase. Subsequently, the above two nanomaterials were mixed together in a certain ratio to form the La2(MoO4)3∶Eu/Fe3O4 superparamagnetic fluorescent nanomaterials. The as-prepared La2(MoO4)3∶Eu/Fe3O4 nanomaterials were of sheet structure mixed with spherical particles in shape, which could emit red fluorescence weaker than pureLa2(MoO4)3∶Eu fluorescent nanomaterials under 254 nm ultraviolet excitation.　However,　the red fluorescence from La2(MoO4)3∶Eu/Fe3O4 nanomaterials could still meet the needs of the fingerprint development. Although the as-prepared nanomaterials and La2(MoO4)3∶Eu fluorescent nanomaterials have same effect in developing fingerprint on smooth object,　the as-prepared nanomaterials could form a suitable fringe by using a magnetic applicator to prevent dust pollution and develop the detail features of fingerprint with bright red fluorescence stimulated by the excitation of 254 nm ultraviolet light. Finally, the as-prepared nanomaterials were applied to develop the fresh latent fingerprints on various smooth and rough substrates. The results showed that the latent fingerprints developed by our nanomaterials could appear the detailed features of friction ridges with a high contrast. In addition, the nanomaterials-based fingerprint development also possessed some other advantages, such as low background interference, high developing contrast, wide application range of substrates, and no powder dusting. The as-prepared fluorescent nanomaterials are superparamagnetic fluorescent nanomaterials.　The performance of this powder is obviously better than non-magnetic fluorescent nanomaterials. Therefore, the as prepared superparamagnetic fluorescent nanomaterials have been proved to be an ideal material for latent fingerprint development, which have great potential in forensic applications.