Atmospheric particulate matter was collected in the hazy weather of Jinan in 2017 in order to know the status of the air pollution in the urban area in Jinan and the samples were given observation by the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the scanning electron microscope(SEM). To better describe the morphological characteristics as to reflect the pollution characteristics of particles, we quantitatively estimated the linear dimension of the particle size (equivalent diameter)and the degree of the shape standard (shape factor), at the same time accompanied with EDS spectrum analysis to determine the microstructure of element types. It shows that on the day of smog, theshape factor of atmospheric particulate matter was smaller, as well as the the variance and standard deviation of the statistics. According to the calculation results, we could infer that morphology difference is not abvious. And most of the particles are relatively smooth, regular, nearly globose so that the surface is not easy to adsorb toxic substances or ultra fine particles. The equivalent diameter of particulate matter is larger, as well as the variance and standard deviation of the statistics. According to the calculation results, we could infer that the linear scale of particulatesare large and presented in a variety of structures, varying in size and size. Among them, blocky particles are the most, which come from the dust. Inorganic composition is mainly composed of Si, Al, Ca, Mg, Cl, K, etc. The coral reef particles come from the low temperature of the flammable substance while the spherical particles come from the high temperature. The former inorganic elements are mainly Ca, Mg and Si, while the latter are mainly Si, Al Fe. All of them come from artificial pollution. The spherical particles could be divided into three categories: smooth surface, low arched surface and rough surface, which are related to silicon, aluminum, and iron. The clubbedparticles are biological particles. And the polymeric particles come from the polymerization of fine particles, which is possible to increase the toxicity of the particles.