I am very pleased to be the guest editor of the special issue, at the invitation by Frontiers of Optoelectronics. I thank Frontiers of Optoelectronics for providing us the great opportunity to present the latest Australian research in this special issue before a global optoelectronics audience. The achievements and accomplishments made in the fields of photonics and electronics have greatly transformed our way of living. Optoelectronics, which is closely related to both photonics and electronics, is one of the fastest growing fields and has become an indispensable part of our modern life. Australian researchers have been very actively engaging research and development in photonics, electronics as well as optoelectronics. This issue aims at introducing some of the latest photonics and optoelectronics research in Australia and facilitating the building up of collaboration and partnerships between Australian and international researchers. This special issue contains 7 review and research papers by Australian researchers. They are on several individual research topics and can offer only a glimpse of the current research and development in several specific topical areas in Australia. Sincerely I would thank all authors for their scientific contributions and for making special issue really special one! Finally I would express my gratitude to the support of the editors and staff of Frontiers of Optoelectronics.