In view of the growing demand for special optical fiber, the working principle of heterostructured cladding(HC) structure all-solid photonic bandgap fiber(AS-PBGF) based on multiresonant coupling mechanism is introduced, and the advantages of this structure fiber in realizing large mode field area, single-mode operation and low bending loss are introduced. From the point of view of passive optical fiber and active optical fiber, this paper summarizes and analyzes the research reports and progress of this kind of optical fiber in recent years. Finally, the research and application of HC structure AS-PBGF based on multiresonant coupling mechanism are prospected.