A comparative analysis of PM10 mass concentration, temperature, precipitation, wind direction, wind speed, humidity and air pressure in Akdara Atmospheric Background Station and Altay City, China, from 2010 to 2014 is carried out. The results show that the annual average mass concentration of PM10 in Akdara and Altay shows an upward trend, while the value of background station increases rapidly. When the average temperature of Akdara is 10～20℃, and the average temperature of Altay is below －10℃, the PM10 mass concentration of the two stations is at a high pollution level. The correlation analysis shows that there is a negative correlation between PM10 concentration and the corresponding precipitation, as well as the wind speed. When the PM10 mass concentration is at a high pollution level, the dominant wind in Akdala station is the northwest wind (NW) with a wind frequency of 17.1% and a wind speed between 1.8 and 5.7 m·s－1. The wind frequency when the wind speed is less than 1.5 m·s－1 is significantly lower than that when the wind speed is greater than 1.5 m·s－1. In contrast, the dominant wind in Altay is north (N), with the wind frequency of 10.6% and the wind speed of 1.3～3.3 m·s－1, but the difference between the wind frequency when the wind speed is less than1.5 m·s－1 and that when the wind speed is more than1.5 m·s－1 is not so obvious. In addition, the analysis also shows that the correlation of PM10 concentration with humidity and air pressure is weak.