Fig. 1. Laser ablation impulse generation
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the parabolic reflector
Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of the lightcraft vehicle
Fig. 4. The aerospace laser propulsion engine
Fig. 5. Laser ablation propelled spherical flyer
Fig. 6. Single stage to orbit launch vehicle
Fig. 7. Launch a flyer from LEO into a Hohmann transfer orbit touching Mars
Fig. 8. Progressive orbits to GEO or interplanetary flight
Fig. 9. Operating principles of the nanosecond and millisecond versions of the laser plasma thrusters
Fig. 10. Laser ablation propulsion of gas, liquid and solid propellant
Fig. 11. Laser-electrostatic hybrid thruster
Fig. 12. Cylindrical laser electromagnetic hybrid thruster
Fig. 13. Rectangular laser electromagnetic hybrid thruster
Fig. 14. Laser ablation manipulation model of focusing a laser beam to irradiate whole body of debris
Fig. 15. Laser ablation manipulation model of focusing a laser beam to irradiate a point of debris’ surface
Fig. 16. Change of orbit parameters of circular orbital reverse flying debris
Fig. 17. Change of semi-major axis of non-coplanar circular orbital reverse flying debris
Fig. 18. Change of eccentricity of non-coplanar circular orbital reverse flying debris
Fig. 19. Change of inclination of non-coplanar circular orbital reverse flying debris
Fig. 20. Change of position vector’s modulus of non-coplanar circular orbital reverse flying debris with repetitive pulsed laser
Fig. 21. Change of inclination and right ascension of the ascending node of non-coplanar circular orbital reverse flying debris with repetitive pulsed laser
Fig. 22. Change of angular velocity of debris in volume 40 cm×50 cm×60 cm碎片尺寸为40 cm/50 cm/60 cm下碎片角速度的变化
Fig. 23. Change of angular velocity of debris in volume 40 cm×50 cm×60 cm碎片尺寸为40 cm/50 cm/60 cm下碎片角速度的变化
Fig. 24. Change of angular velocity of debris in volume 40 cm×50 cm×60 cm碎片尺寸为40 cm/50 cm/60 cm下碎片角速度的变化
Fig. 25. Process of laser ablation despinning of debris in volume 40 cm×50 cm×60 cm
Fig. 26. Asteroid laser ablation manipulation and the Laser Bees Project
pulse width/fs | coupling coefficient/(N·MW−1) | | energy fluence/(kJ·m−2) | Al | POM | Al | POM | 400 | 30±5 | 125±12 | | 50±10 | 32±6 | 80 | 28±5 | 773±70 | | 30±6 | 40±8 |
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Table 1. Propellant material and coupling coefficient
launch orbit | type | wavelength/nm | pulse duration/ps | pulse energy/kJ | pulse repetition rate/Hz | laser average power/MW | mirror diameter/m | coupling coefficient/(N/MW) | single stage to orbit | Nd:YAG | 1057 | 100 | 5 | 1000~3000 | 5~15 | 6 | 100~150 | from LEO into Mars orbit | Nd:YAG | 355 | 100 | 5 | 250 | 1.25 | 3 | 70 |
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Table 2. Laser and target parameters