A novel X-ray backlighting imaging Bragg spectrometer was developed based on the Bragg diffraction theory to study and diagnose the driven symmetry and uniformity of laser radiation, analyse the promote layer motor process of target implosion of Inertial Confinement Fusion. The key component of the imaging system was the spherically bent Quartz Bragg crystal. The imaging simulation of the X-ray backlighting imaging Bragg spectrometer was studied with the ray tracing software SHADOW. The monochrome X-ray backlight imaging experiment using spherically bent Quartz Bragg crystal was used to carried out in the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics. The imaging plate was obtained the two-dimensional, monochromatic backlight mesh imaging. By analyzing the imaging information of the experiment, the spatial resolution of the imaging Bragg spectrometer was 83 μm. The experiment show that the imaging system was adequate for X-ray backlighting imaging diagnosis..