The polarization aberrations of an optical system were analyzed to control the polarization effects and to improve the optical performance of the transmitting rotationally symmetric optical systems.The expressions of the polarization aberrations were deduced by a method of polarization ray tracing based on a polarization aberration theory.Then,the factors affecting the polarization aberrations were analyzed and the affecting factor of a transmitting rotationally symmetric optical interface was defined.Finally,the polarization aberrations in a telescope objective were analyzed.Obtained results show that the polarization aberrations at an incident angle of 18.77° are 5.5 times as large as those at an incident angle of 7.86°,the polarization aberrations of the interfaces coated with Layers 2 are decreased by 30% as compared with those coated with MgF2 and the polarization aberrations at λ=1.1 μm are 10 times as large as those at λ=0.55 μm.The results indicate that polarization aberrations must be controlled to improve the optical performance of the transmitting rotationally symmetric optical systems with large fields of view,large incident angles or worked in wide wavelengths.This paper presents two kinds of methods for control the polarization aberrations of this type of optical systems effectively,and they are to keep the angles of incidence as small as possible and to minimize the polarization separation by optimizing the coating design.