In recent years, the lack of ecological efficiency has restricted the sustainable development of the economy and society to a certain extent. Therefore, determining the current status of natural resources and optimizing the ecological security pattern based on this is of great significance for the comprehensive development and overall spatial configuration of natural and socioeconomic factors. Taking Wannian County, Jiangxi Province as an example, this study observed the status of regional resources through land use type, digital elevation model, road, and nature reserve data. The study determined ecological sources based on the InVEST model, granularity inversion method, and current regional conditions. Land use types and terrain and road factors were used to construct a comprehensive resistance surface. The circuit theory was then applied to determine ecological corridors and identify key points for ecological restoration. The results show that: (1) The total area of the 16 ecological sources are 95.93 km², of which forest is the main land-use type, which is crucial for the stability of the regional ecological network. The length of ecological corridors is 217.89 km, of which 33 key corridors throughout the region need to be given priority for protection. These corridors can be used as a key area for comprehensive observation and monitoring of natural resources. (2) We identified 11 “pinch points” that are mainly ecological land distributed around high resistance areas, and 74 “barrier points” that appear in areas of intensive activities. There is much room for regional habitat connectivity improvement. (3) Based on the circuit theory, we integrated the natural resources of mountains, waters, forests, croplands, and grasslands through the point-line-surface construction process and proposed resource optimization strategies for different regions according to the ecological security pattern, which has positive practical significance for improving the structural supply capacity of regional resources.