• Acta Photonica Sinica
  • Vol. 50, Issue 12, 1210002 (2021)
Yuan GUO, Xuewen WANG*, Chong WANG, and Jinlin JIANG
Author Affiliations
  • School of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar , Heilongjiang 161006, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20215012.1210002 Cite this Article
    Yuan GUO, Xuewen WANG, Chong WANG, Jinlin JIANG. Ciphertext Multi-image Reversible Information Hiding Based on Datagram Reorganization and Optical Interference[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2021, 50(12): 1210002 Copy Citation Text show less
    Datagram format
    Fig. 1. Datagram format
    Principle of interference and vector decomposition
    Fig. 2. Principle of interference and vector decomposition
    Minimized interference
    Fig. 3. Minimized interference
    Reversible information hiding embedding process with multi-image interference
    Fig. 4. Reversible information hiding embedding process with multi-image interference
    Extraction process of multi-image interference reversible information hiding
    Fig. 5. Extraction process of multi-image interference reversible information hiding
    Reversible information hiding theory of multiple images
    Fig. 6. Reversible information hiding theory of multiple images
    Embedding and Restore
    Fig. 7. Embedding and Restore
    Embedded image and histogram
    Fig. 8. Embedded image and histogram
    PSNR of restore contains secret images with different carriers at different embedding rates
    Fig. 9. PSNR of restore contains secret images with different carriers at different embedding rates
    Results of reduction multiple analysis
    Fig. 10. Results of reduction multiple analysis
    Quantitative analysis results
    Fig. 11. Quantitative analysis results
    Robust analysis results
    Fig. 12. Robust analysis results
    Add noise reduction renderings
    Fig. 13. Add noise reduction renderings
    ImageAnimalBarbaraMonarchCameramanBaboonRestore imageRestore contains secret images
    PSNR/dBinfinfinfinfinfinf42.050 057
    SSIM1111110.982 350
    Table 1. PSNR and SSIM of images at each stage
    Carrier imagesEncryption imageInsert 16 bppInsert 32 bppInsert 64 bppInsert 128 bppInsert 512 bpp
    7.445 57.042 87.040 67.036 37.041 27.039 87.046 5
    Table 2. Information entropy of ciphertext images and embedded images at different embedding rates
    Embedding rateRestore hidden image (PSNR/SSIM)

    Restore image

    (PSNR/SSIM)

    Restore contains secret images

    (PSNR/SSIM)

    16 bppinf/1.0inf/1.052.201 1 dB/0.997 7
    32 bppinf/1.0inf/1.047.613 4 dB/0.993 5
    64 bppinf/1.0inf/1.040.997 1 dB/0.971 7
    128 bppinf/1.0inf/1.033.831 3 dB/0.883 9
    512 bppinf/1.0inf/1.027.105 6 dB/0.663 8
    Table 3. PSNR and SSIM of each restored image at different embedding rates
    Carrier imagesEmbedding rate/bppPNSR/dB

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    Average1.063 60.51.615 883247.4941.8445.7835.4648.02
    Lena1.412 20.51.985 383246.1246.3744.1935.8647.61
    Airplane1.696 50.52.318 483243.2746.4541.0935.1847.29
    Barbara0.855 50.51.457 483249.8540.2245.3135.3248.53
    Baboon0.290 20.50.581 083256.4229.7453.4935.4947.05
    Man1.387 40.51.734 283245.4344.8645.2335.4748.44
    Cameraman1.641 90.51.618 383243.8443.4245.3635.4349.21
    Table 4. Comparison of the maximum embedding rate of different algorithms and PSNR of restore contains secret images
    CropCan reconstructGaussian noiseCan reconstructSalt & pepper noiseCan reconstruct
    200×200(Not cut to check area)Yes0.001Yes0.01Yes
    400×400(Not cut to check area)Yes0.002Yes0.1Yes
    99×99(Cut to check area)Yes0.003Yes0.25Yes
    100×100(Cut to check area)No0.004No0.26No
    Table 5. Robust analysis results of multi-image datagram reconstruction
    Embedding rateCarrier ownerInformation hiderHidden information receiverCarrier receiver
    16 bpp0.496 70.213 40.746 00.807 8
    32 bpp0.496 90.442 81.492 01.555 8
    64 bpp0.495 70.849 72.930 12.996 9
    128 bpp0.496 61.655 55.883 25.947 1
    512 bpp0.497 63.298 111.708 611.771 5
    Table 6. Time spent by each owner at different embedding rates(s)
    Yuan GUO, Xuewen WANG, Chong WANG, Jinlin JIANG. Ciphertext Multi-image Reversible Information Hiding Based on Datagram Reorganization and Optical Interference[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2021, 50(12): 1210002
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