Author Affiliations
1Geography Science Institute, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, Shanxi, China2Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China3State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Location of the Qiyi Glacier and distributions of stakes for measuring mass balance
Fig. 2. Boundary information of Qiyi Glacier in different periods during 1975-2015
Fig. 3. Inter-annual variation of mass balance on Qiyi Glacier
Fig. 4. Inter-annual variation of ELAs on Qiyi Glacier
Fig. 5. Mass balance series of four typical glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau
Fig. 6. Measured monthly average mass balance of Qiyi Glacier from September 2011 to August, 2016
Fig. 7. Contours of mass balance in spatial distribution on Qiyi Glacier during 2011-2016
Fig. 8. Mass balance change along with the altitude on Qiyi Glacier during 2011-2016
Fig. 9. Monthly average mass balance change along with the altitude on Qiyi Glacier
Fig. 10. Relationship between annual mass balance and ELA on Qiyi Glacier
Fig. 11. Relationship between monthly mass balance and temperature/precipitation on Qiyi Glacier
遥感影像 | 接收日期 | 传感器 | 分辨率/m | 轨道号 | 云量/% |
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LM11450331973301AAA05 | 1973-10-28 | MSS | 78 | 145/33 | 8 | LM21450331975282XXX01 | 1975-10-09 | MSS | 78 | 145/33 | 23 | LM21450331977127AAA03 | 1977-05-07 | MSS | 78 | 145/33 | 7 | LT51350331986206BJC00 | 1986-07-25 | TM | 30 | 135/33 | 0 | LT51350331990233BJC00 | 1990-08-21 | TM | 30 | 135/33 | 0 | LT51350331995231BJC00 | 1995-08-19 | TM | 30 | 135/33 | 1 | LE71350332000141SGS00 | 2000-05-20 | ETM+ | 30/15 | 135/33 | 0 | LE71350332005282PFS00 | 2005-10-09 | ETM+ | 30/15 | 135/33 | 0 | LE71350332010280SGS00 | 2010-10-07 | ETM+ | 30/15 | 135/33 | 2 | LE71350332015102EDC00 | 2015-04-12 | ETM+ | 30/15 | 135/33 | 3 |
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Table 1. List of remote sensing images
观测 年份 | ELA/m a.s.l. | 积累量 | | 消融量 | | 物质平衡 |
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积累区 面积/km2 | 积累量/ 万m3 | 积累深 度/mm | 消融区 面积/km2 | 消融量/ 万m3 | 消融深度/ mm | 净平衡/ 万m3 | 物质平衡/ mm w.e. | 消融区 面积比例/% |
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2011/2012 | 4958 | 0.48 | 7.44 | 154 | | 2.22 | -114.82 | -518 | | -107.38 | -403 | 82.1 | 2012/2013 | 5045 | 0.17 | 2.89 | 171 | 2.53 | -275.74 | -1090 | -272.85 | -1005 | 93.7 | 2013/2014 | 4899 | 0.81 | 15.86 | 196 | 1.89 | -104.33 | -552 | -88.47 | -328 | 70.1 | 2014/2015 | 4745 | 1.67 | 11.10 | 67 | 1.03 | -39.24 | -381 | -28.14 | -104 | 38.2 | 2015/2016 | 4956 | 0.49 | 23.09 | 467 | 2.21 | -169.32 | -768 | -146.23 | -542 | 81.7 |
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Table 2. Inter-annual variation of accumulation, ablation, mass balance and ELA on Qiyi Glacier
名称 | 位置 | 类型 | */(mm w.e.) | 年变化率/(mm w.e. a-1) | 研究时段/年 |
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1号冰川 | 43.1°N,86.8°E | 大陆型 | -753 | -4.0 | 2000-2013 | 七一 | 39.5°N,97.5°E | 大陆型 | -450 | 13.1 | 2001-2016 | 小冬克玛底 | 33.1°N,92.1°E | 大陆型 | -452 | -13.3 | 2000-2012 | 帕隆No. 94 | 29.2°N,96.9°E | 海洋型 | -848 | -20.2 | 2005-2013 |
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Table 3. Average mass balance and its trend of four typical glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau