As an important nondestructive testing device, the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers have been widely used in various fields of the national economy. With the development of modern industries, especially the aerospace, nuclear power plant and intelligent manufacture industries etc., various industrial and mining environments put forward higher requirements for the performance of piezoelectric transducers, so, it is urgently expected that the piezoelectric transducers can stably monitor the operation of equipment in a wide operational temperature range, giving early warning, and avoiding structural damage of important equipment. The piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer with wide operational temperature range is a frontier research content in the field of piezoelectric device technology. This paper focuses on the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer and its structure than can operate in a wide temperature range, and describes the unique advantages of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers in non-destructive detection.