Comparison of vertical profiles between ERA5 reanalysis data and balloon radiosondes data in Anhui, China

DENG Xueliang; ZHU Song; HE Dongyan; SHEN Weiwei; LU Dachun; DAI Rui; JIN Xiaolong; XU Qianqian

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-6141.2025.01.002

Journals >Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics >Volume 20 >Issue 1 >Page 18 > Article

Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics
Vol. 20, Issue 1, 18 (2025)

Comparison of vertical profiles between ERA5 reanalysis data and balloon radiosondes data in Anhui, China

DENG Xueliang^1,*, ZHU Song¹, HE Dongyan², SHEN Weiwei¹..., LU Dachun³, DAI Rui¹, JIN Xiaolong¹ and XU Qianqian¹|Show fewer author(s)

Author Affiliations

¹Hefei Meteorological Bureau, Hefei 230041, China

²Anhui Climate Center, Hefei 230031, China

³Meteorological Observation Technology Support Centre of Anhui, Hefei 230031, China

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DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-6141.2025.01.002 Cite this Article

Xueliang DENG, Song ZHU, Dongyan HE, Weiwei SHEN, Dachun LU, Rui DAI, Xiaolong JIN, Qianqian XU. Comparison of vertical profiles between ERA5 reanalysis data and balloon radiosondes data in Anhui, China[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2025, 20(1): 18 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. Location of balloon radiosondes stations and ground remote sensing stations in Anhui

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Comparison of horizontal wind fields between radiosonde data and ERA5 data in Fuyang and Anqing from 2018 to 2021. (a) Scatter; (b) bias; (c) absolute relative error

Fig. 2. Comparison of horizontal wind fields between radiosonde data and ERA5 data in Fuyang and Anqing from 2018 to 2021. (a) Scatter; (b) bias; (c) absolute relative error

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Fig. 3. Comparison of vertical wind field between radiosonde data and ERA5 data in Fuyang from 2018 to 2021. (a) Correlation coefficients; (b) bias; (c) RMSE

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Fig. 4. Vertical statistical parameters of wind field between radiosonde data and ERA5 data from 2018 to 2021 in Anqing. (a) Correlation coefficients; (b) bias; (c) RMSE

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Fig. 5. Proportional distribution of absolute relative error of wind field in ERA5 reanalysis data compared with radiosonde data at each altitude in Fuyang and Anqing from 2018 to 2021. (a) u in Fuyang; (b) v in Fuyang; (c) u in Anqing; (d) v in Anqing

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Fig. 6. Comparison of temperature and relative humidity in horizontal direction between radiosonde data and ERA5 data in Fuyang and Anqing from 2018 to 2021. (a) Scatter; (b) bias; (c) absolute relative error

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Fig. 7. Comparison of temperature and relative humidity in vertical direction between radiosonde data and ERA5 data in Fuyang from 2018 to 2021. (a) Correlation coefficients; (b) bias; (c) RMSE

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Fig. 8. Comparison of temperature and relative humidity in vertical direction between radiosonde data and ERA5 data in Anqing from 2018 to 2021. (a) Correlation coefficients; (b) bias; (c) RMSE

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Fig. 9. Proportional distribution of absolute relative error of T and H_R in ERA5 reanalysis data compared with radiosonde data at each altitude in Fuyang and Anqing from 2018 to 2021. (a) T in Fuyang; (b) H_R in Fuyang; (c) T in Anqing; (d) H_R in Anqing

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Parameters	Specification
Horizontal resolution	0.25° × 0.25°
Vertical resolution	37 pressure levels
Time resolution/h	1
Main variables	u, v, T, H_R
Height coverage/hPa	1–1000
Time frame	2018-01–2021-12

Table 1. ERA5 reanalysis data description

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天气	高度 /km	CCs				Bias/(m·s^-1)				RMSE/(m·s^-1)
天气	高度 /km	u(阜阳)	u(安庆)	v(阜阳)	v(安庆)	u(阜阳)	u(安庆)	v(阜阳)	v(安庆)	u(阜阳)	u(安庆)	v(阜阳)	v(安庆)
所有天	0–6	0.98	0.98	0.96	0.95	0.01	-0.05	-0.11	-0.05	1.58	1.68	1.57	1.68
	0–2	0.96	0.95	0.95	0.95	0.07	-0.04	0.02	-0.09	1.52	1.58	1.47	1.69
	2–4	0.97	0.97	0.96	0.95	-0.04	-0.01	-0.2	-0.03	1.6	1.72	1.63	1.62
	4–6	0.97	0.98	0.96	0.96	-0.07	-0.13	-0.37	0.04	1.73	1.87	1.81	1.79
非降水日	0–6	0.98	0.98	0.96	0.96	0.02	0	-0.11	-0.04	1.47	1.47	1.46	1.50
	0–2	0.96	0.95	0.96	0.95	0.10	-0.01	0.03	-0.05	1.42	1.43	1.36	1.52
	2–4	0.97	0.97	0.96	0.96	-0.05	0.04	-0.2	-0.06	1.48	1.47	1.51	1.44
	4–6	0.98	0.98	0.96	0.97	-0.09	-0.06	-0.37	0.04	1.61	1.6	1.66	1.55
降水日	0–6	0.97	0.97	0.95	0.94	-0.01	-0.12	-0.12	-0.07	1.85	1.94	1.86	1.93
	0–2	0.95	0.95	0.95	0.94	0	-0.09	0	-0.14	1.76	1.79	1.73	1.92
	2–4	0.96	0.96	0.95	0.93	-0.02	-0.1	-0.21	0.01	1.9	2.04	1.92	1.88
	4–6	0.97	0.97	0.94	0.93	-0.02	-0.24	-0.38	0.04	2.03	2.23	2.18	2.09

Table 2. The CCs, bias and RMSE of the zonal wind u and meridional wind v components of ERA5 and radiosonde data at Fuyang and Anqing stations under different height and weather conditions

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天气	高度/km	CCs				Bias				RMSE
天气	高度/km	T (阜阳)	T (安庆)	H_R (阜阳)	H_R (安庆)	T/ºC (阜阳)	T/ºC (安庆)	H_R/% (阜阳)	H_R/% (安庆)	T/ºC (阜阳)	T/ºC (安庆)	H_R/% (阜阳)	H_R/% (安庆)
所有天	0–6	1.00	1.00	0.93	0.94	-0.13	-0.09	2.51	0.24	0.99	0.79	11.71	11.01
	0–2	1.00	1.00	0.92	0.93	-0.11	-0.02	2.28	-0.49	0.73	0.74	10.90	9.91
	2–4	0.99	0.99	0.93	0.94	-0.12	-0.14	2.33	0.77	1.28	0.81	12.11	11.74
	4–6	0.99	0.99	0.92	0.93	-0.24	-0.20	3.76	1.75	1.03	0.93	13.55	12.96
非降水日	0–6	1.00	1.00	0.91	0.92	-0.17	-0.14	2.86	0.61	0.80	0.76	11.77	11.27
	0–2	1.00	1.00	0.91	0.91	-0.12	-0.07	2.76	-0.06	0.71	0.71	11.11	10.38
	2–4	0.99	0.99	0.91	0.92	-0.19	-0.19	2.60	0.89	0.83	0.77	12.23	12.17
	4–6	0.99	0.99	0.92	0.92	-0.30	-0.30	3.83	2.39	1.03	0.89	12.98	12.16
降水日	0–6	0.99	1.00	0.89	0.90	-0.02	0	1.51	-0.34	1.38	0.85	11.53	10.59
	0–2	1.00	1.00	0.87	0.87	-0.06	0.05	0.93	-1.15	0.79	0.79	10.30	9.16
	2–4	0.96	0.99	0.91	0.91	0.07	-0.06	1.56	0.56	2.12	0.87	11.73	10.98
	4–6	0.99	0.98	0.89	0.89	-0.07	-0.03	3.57	0.75	1.03	1.00	15.00	14.10

Table 3. The CCs, Bias，and RMSE of temperature T and relative humidity H_R of ERA5 and radiosondes data at Fuyang and Anqing stations under different height and weather conditions

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