A coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscope is built by using a supercontinuum fiber laser, towards a solution of the disadvantages in current imaging system, such as the cost and bulk-size. Firstly, the theory of supercontinuum fiber laser-based coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering imaging is deduced and its influencing factors are analyzed. An experimental setup for the supercontinuum fiber laser-based coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscope is then built up, while its experimental feasibility is demonstrated. Different influencing factors, including objective lens, laser power and concentration, are selected to demonstrate that the test results are highly consistent with theoretical ones. The results prove the theoretical and experimental feasibility of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy based on supercontinuum fiber laser.