Historical Geographical Information System and Science (HGIS) is a new interdiscipline subject between Geographical Information System (GIS) and History. The geographical process in historical period has been studied quantitatively and the geographical process model is built accordingly through HGIS to provide research basis on which to make future-oriented scientific predictions, by combining the technical methods of GIS, the space perspective of geographers, and the time perspective of historians together organically. HGIS emerged in the mid-1990s and has been bringing opportunities and dynamism to the development of GIS, History, and Historical Geography. HGIS maintains a sound momentum of growth, meanwhile there are some unresolved issues with it. In recent years, HGIS is overcoming systematic technical obstacles and developing in the direction of science, offering increasingly rich HGIS service. This article reviews the generation progress and the early practice of HGIS, andthen summarizes the current research status of HGIS from five aspects: digitization, data model, database and its system, spatial analysis, and visualization, by combing and analyzing the related literatures at home and abroad. In the last part of this article, the trends of HGIS are analyzed and summarized from several aspects: the spatialization and digitization of historical data, historical geographical spatio-temporal big data, the construction of historical geo-spatial framework and its service, the research on historical geographical spatio-temporal process and the construction of its model, and the formation of the discipline system of historical geographical information science and technology. These trends provide new research ideas for the future of HGIS.