Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) have unique advantages and can be used as gain materials for laser emission. The strong Coulomb interaction and weak dielectric screening effect of TMDC materials induce a large exciton binding energy to achieve stable exciton emission at room temperature. Moreover, TMDC can extensively increase the capability of light confinement owing to its high refractive index of up to 6--7. The atomic layer surface of TMDC materials has no dangling bonds, so they can avoid lattice mismatch when connected with silicon-based semiconductor devices. These unique properties render TMDC as potential gain materials that can be coupled with silicon-based microcavities to form laser devices. Furthermore, their atomic thickness and near-infrared spectral radiation ensure promising interconnection with integrated devices. This study summarizes the research progress of lasers based on TMDCs in recent years with the classification of optical microcavities and laser principles. Moreover, current challenges and their future application prospects are also discussed.