Structured light technology is a non-contact three-dimensional optical imaging technology, which can restore the three-dimensional feature information of the object by measuring the deformation of the projection pattern on the surface of the object. However, the existing structured light system designing scheme has the problems of complex algorithm and low frame rate. In order to solve these problems, a temporal coded structured light system based on event-based camera sensor was proposed. The digital light projector (DLP) was used to project the temporal alternating light and dark coding patterns, and the event-based camera sensor was used for the high-speed acquisition. By encoding the time series of the projected speckle patterns, the speckle search method could be used instead of the complex spatial matching, thereby reducing the algorithm complexity of the structured light system. By analyzing the correspondence of scattered spots, the three-dimensional information of the surface of the space object was finally restored. After experimental verification, it is show that the acquisition frame rate of the proposed system can reach 66.7 frame/s. Compared with other traditional schemes, the complexity of the algorithm is significantly reduced, and the measurement accuracy can reach the millimeter level. Experimental results show that the designed temporal coded structured light system can perform three-dimensional reconstruction of actual scenes with high speed and low computation cost.