Due to the mutual interference of characteristic peaks between elements and affected by the energy resolution of the experimental instrument, overlapping peaks will be formed when the characteristic peaks of multiple elements have similar peak positions and widen broadening. Taking the overlapping peaks with low resolution and high-resolution requirements as the research object, a fast resolution algorithm for overlapping peaks based on multi-peak synergy and pure element characteristic peak area was proposed, and combined with the actual X-ray fluorescence spectrum to verify the new method. Taking the X-ray fluorescence spectrum of dysprosium-ferrum alloy as an example, under the experimental conditions of this paper, the separation degree of the overlapping peaks formed by the characteristic peaks of dysprosium Lα and iron Kα is about 0.273 5. The lower Lβ characteristic peaks of dysprosium and iron Kβ characteristic peaks. First, configure the dysprosium standard solution in the concentration range (7.8～8.2 mg·mL-1) and the iron standard solution in the concentration range (1.8～2.2 mg·mL-1) to measure and obtain pure element spectra and calculate the area respectively. Normalized and averaged to obtain normalized characteristic peaks of dysprosium Lα and iron Kα peak. Then, use dysprosium and iron standard solutions to mix 20 groups of sample solutions with a mass percentage of iron elements ranging from 19.1% to 21% and a step of 0.1% for measurement. Since the overlapping peak part is only composed of the dysprosium Lα peak and the iron Kα peak, the weight of the dysprosium Lα peak plus the iron Kα peak weight in the overlapping peak is set to 1, using the dysprosium Lα peak and the iron peak. The normalized characteristic peaks of the Kα peaks are fitted for overlapping peaks. The approximate weight range of iron element is determined by the characteristic peaks of dysprosium Lβ and iron Kβ, and the weight value optimization is carried out with the particle swarm optimization algorithm to complete the decomposition of overlapping peaks. By fitting the iron element weight obtained by the optimization solution with the iron element mass percentage of the actual sample solution, a regression line from the iron element weight in the dysprosium iron sample solution to the actual iron element mass percentage is obtained. Finally, the actual sample experiment was carried out, and the iron content detected by the method in this paper was compared with the reference value of iron content determined by the national standard potassium dichromate volumetric method. The results show that the rapid resolution algorithm of overlapping peaks based on multi-peak synergy and normalization of characteristic peak areas of pure elements can resolve overlapping peaks with low resolution and high resolution requirements.