[1] Popa D, Udrea F. Towards integrated mid-infrared gas sensors[J]. Sensors, 19, 2076(2019).
[2] Jacques S L. Optical properties of biological tissues: a review[J]. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 58, R37-R61(2013).
[3] Chang Zenghu, Corkum P B, Leone S R. Attosecond optics and technology: progress to date and future prospects [Invited][J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 33, 1081-1097(2016).
[4] Hudson D D, Antipov S, Li Lizhu, et al. Toward all-fiber supercontinuum spanning the mid-infrared[J]. Optica, 4, 1163-1166(2017).
[5] Layne C B, Lowdermilk W H, Weber M J. Multiphonon relaxation of rare-earth ions in oxide glasses[J]. Physical Review B, 16, 10-20(1977).
[6] Wang Zefeng, Yu Fei, Wadsworth W J, et al. Efficient 1.9 μm emission in H2-filled hollow core fiber by pure stimulated vibrational Raman scattering[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 11, 105807(2014).
[7] Ding Wei, Wang Yingying, Gao Shoufei, et al. Recent progress in low-loss hollow-core anti-resonant fibers and their applications[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 26, 4400312(2020).
[8] Cui Yulong, Huang Wei, Wang Zefeng, et al. 4.3 μm fiber laser in CO2-filled hollow-core silica fibers[J]. Optica, 6, 951-954(2019).
[9] Désévédavy F, Strutynski C, Lemière A, et al. Review of tellurite glasses purification issues for mid-IR optical fiber applications[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 103, 4017-4034(2020).
[10] Wang W C, Zhou B, Xu S H, et al. Recent advances in soft optical glass fiber and fiber lasers[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 101, 90-171(2019).
[11] Sojka L, Tang Z, Furniss D, et al. Mid-infrared emission in Tb3+-doped selenide glass fiber[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 34, A70-A79(2017).
[12] Maes F, Fortin V, Poulain S, et al. Room-temperature fiber laser at 3.92 μm[J]. Optica, 5, 761-764(2018).
[13] He Huiyu, Jia Zhixu, Jia Shijie, et al. Ho3+/Pr3+ co-doped AlF3 based glass fibers for efficient ~2.9 μm lasers[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 32, 1489-1492(2020).
[14] Bao Qiaoliang, Zhang Han, Wang Yu, et al. Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 19, 3077-3083(2009).
[15] Fermann M E, Andrejco M J, Silberberg Y, et al. Passive mode locking by using nonlinear polarization evolution in a polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber[J]. Optics Letters, 18, 894-896(1993).
[16] Sabert H, Brinkmeyer E. Pulse generation in fiber lasers with frequency shifted feedback[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 12, 1360-1368(1994).
[17] Doran N J, Wood D. Nonlinear-optical loop mirror[J]. Optics Letters, 13, 56-58(1988).
[18] Fermann M E, Haberl F, Hofer M, et al. Nonlinear amplifying loop mirror[J]. Optics Letters, 15, 752-754(1990).
[19] Winful H G, Walton D T. Passive mode locking through nonlinear coupling in a dual-core fiber laser[J]. Optics Letters, 17, 1688-1690(1992).
[20] Kutz J N, Sandstede B. Theory of passive harmonic mode-locking using waveguide arrays[J]. Optics Express, 16, 636-650(2008).
[21] Proctor J L, Kutz J N. Passive mode-locking by use of waveguide arrays[J]. Optics Letters, 30, 2013-2015(2005).
[22] Wang Leilei, Zeng Jianghui, Zhu Liang, et al. All-optical switching in long-period fiber grating with highly nonlinear chalcogenide fibers[J]. Applied Optics, 57, 10044-10050(2018).
[23] Mamyshev P V. Alloptical data regeneration based on selfphase modulation effect[C]Proceedings of the 24th European Conference on Optical Communication. Madrid: IEEE, 1998: 475476.
[24] Liu Wu, Liao Ruoyu, Zhao Jun, et al. Femtosecond Mamyshev oscillator with 10-MW-level peak power[J]. Optica, 6, 194-197(2019).
[25] Chen Tao, Zhang Qiaoli, Zhang Yaping, et al. All-fiber passively mode-locked laser using nonlinear multimode interference of step-index multimode fiber[J]. Photonics Research, 6, 1033-1039(2018).
[26] Zhao Kangjun, Li Yan, Xiao Xiaosheng, et al. Nonlinear multimode interference-based dual-color mode-locked fiber laser[J]. Optics Letters, 45, 1655-1658(2020).
[27] Li Huanhuan, Hu Fangming, Tian Ying, et al. Continuously wavelength-tunable mode-locked Tm fiber laser using stretched SMF-GIMF-SMF structure as both saturable absorber and filter[J]. Optics Express, 27, 14437-14446(2019).
[28] Hofer M, Fermann M E, Haberl F, et al. Mode locking with cross-phase and self-phase modulation[J]. Optics Letters, 16, 502-504(1991).
[29] Duval S, Bernier M, Fortin V, et al. Femtosecond fiber lasers reach the mid-infrared[J]. Optica, 2, 623-626(2015).
[30] Hu T, Jackson S D, Hudson D D. Ultrafast pulses from a mid-infrared fiber laser[J]. Optics Letters, 40, 4226-4228(2015).
[31] Wang Yuchen, Jobin F, Duval S, et al. Ultrafast Dy3+: fluoride fiber laser beyond 3 μm[J]. Optics Letters, 44, 395-398(2019).
[32] Bawden N, Henderson-Sapir O, Jackson S D, et al. Ultrafast 3.5 µm fiber laser[J]. Optics Letters, 46, 1636-1639(2021).
[33] Huang J, Pang M, Jiang F, et al. Sub-two-cycle octave-spanning mid-infrared fiber laser[J]. Optica, 7, 574-579(2020).
[34] Woodward R I, Hudson D D, Fuerbach A, et al. Generation of 70-fs pulses at 2.86 μm from a mid-infrared fiber laser[J]. Optics Letters, 42, 4893-4896(2017).
[35] Qin Zhipeng, Xie Guoqiang, Gu Hongan, et al. Mode-locked 2.8-µm fluoride fiber laser: from soliton to breathing pulse[J]. Advanced Photonics, 1, 065001(2019).
[36] Huang J, Pang M, Jiang X, et al. Route from single-pulse to multi-pulse states in a mid-infrared soliton fiber laser[J]. Optics Express, 27, 26392-26404(2019).
[37] Qin Zhipeng, Xie Guoqiang, Zhao Chujun, et al. Mid-infrared mode-locked pulse generation with multilayer black phosphorus as saturable absorber[J]. Optics Letters, 41, 56-59(2016).
[38] Zhu Gongwen, Zhu Xiushan, Wang Fengqiu, et al. Graphene mode-locked fiber laser at 2.8 μm[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 28, 7-10(2016).
[39] Zhu Chunhui, Wang Chunhui, Meng Yafei, et al. A robust and tuneable mid-infrared optical switch enabled by bulk Dirac fermions[J]. Nature Communications, 8, 14111(2017).
[40] Guo Chunyu, Wei Jincheng, Yan Peiguang, et al. Mode-locked fiber laser at 2.8 μm using a chemical-vapor-deposited WSe2 saturable absorber mirror[J]. Applied Physics Express, 13, 012013(2020).
[41] Tang Pinghua, Qin Zhipeng, Liu Jun, et al. Watt-level passively mode-locked Er3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser at 2.8 μm[J]. Optics Letters, 40, 4855-4858(2015).
[42] Selden A C. Pulse transmission through a saturable absorber[J]. British Journal of Applied Physics, 18, 743-748(1967).
[43] Matsuda Y, Tahir-Kheli J, Goddard III W A. Definitive band gaps for single-wall carbon nanotubes[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 1, 2946-2950(2010).
[44] Wang Shuxian, Yu Haohai, Zhang Huaijin, et al. Broadband few-layer MoS2 saturable absorbers[J]. Advanced Materials, 26, 3538-3544(2014).
[45] Xu Yijun, Shi Zhe, Shi Xinyao, et al. Recent progress in black phosphorus and black-phosphorus-analogue materials: properties, synthesis and applications[J]. Nanoscale, 11, 14491-14527(2019).
[46] Qin Zhipeng, Xie Guoqiang, Ma Jingui, et al. 2.8 μm all-fiber
[47] Bianchi V, Carey T, Viti L, et al. Terahertz saturable absorbers from liquid phase exfoliation of graphite[J]. Nature Communications, 8, 15763(2017).
[48] Luo Hongyu, Li Siqing, Li Xiaodong, et al. Unlocking the ultrafast potential of gold nanowires for mode-locking in the mid-infrared region[J]. Optics Letters, 46, 1562-1565(2021).
[49] Li Jianfeng, Hudson D D, Liu Yong, et al. Efficient 2.87 μm fiber laser passively switched using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror[J]. Optics Letters, 37, 3747-3749(2012).
[50] Hönninger C, Paschotta R, Morier-Genoud F, et al.
[51] Schibli T R, Thoen E R, Kärtner F X, et al. Suppression of
[52] Wang Jintao, Wei Jincheng, Liu Wenjun, et al. 2.8 µm passively
[53] Wei Chen, Zhu Xiushan, Wang F, et al. Graphene
[54] Li J F, Luo H Y, He Y L, et al. Semiconductor saturable absorber mirror passively
[55] Li Jianfeng, Luo Hongyu, Wang Lele, et al. 3-µm mid-infrared pulse generation using topological insulator as the saturable absorber[J]. Optics Letters, 40, 3659-3662(2015).
[56] Qin Zhipeng, Xie Guoqiang, Zhang Han, et al. Black phosphorus as saturable absorber for the
[57] Shen Yanlong, Wang Yishan, Luan Kunpeng, et al. Watt-level passively
[58] Tang Pinghua, Wu Man, Wang Qingkai, et al. 2.8-μm Pulsed Er3+: ZBLAN fiber laser modulated by topological insulator[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 28, 1573-1576(2016).
[59] Wei Chen, Luo Hongyu, Zhang Han, et al. Passively Q-switched mid-infrared fluoride fiber laser around 3 μm using a tungsten disulfide (WS2) saturable absorber[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 13, 105108(2016).
[60] Zhang Tao, Feng Guoying, Zhang Hong, et al. 2.78 μm passively
[61] Ning Shougui, Feng Guoying, Dai Shenyu, et al. Mid-infrared Fe2+: ZnSe semiconductor saturable absorber mirror for passively
[62] Yang Lingling, Kang Zhe, Huang Bin, et al. Gold nanostars as a
[63] Lü Yanjia, Wei Chen, Zhang Han, et al. Wideband tunable passively
[64] Luo Hongyu, Li Jianfeng, Gao Ying, et al. Tunable passively
[65] Wang Shiwei, Tang Yulong, Yang Jianlong, et al. MoS2
[66] Yi Jun, Du Lin, Li Jie, et al. Unleashing the potential of Ti2CT
[67] Wei Chen, Chi Hao, Jiang Shurong, et al. Long-term stable platinum diselenide for nanosecond pulse generation in a 3-µm mid-infrared fiber laser[J]. Optics Express, 28, 33758-33766(2020).
[68] Yang Jian, Hu Jiyi, Luo Hongyu, et al. Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a saturable absorber for a tunable
[69] Chen Tenghui, Li Zhongjun, Zhang Chunxiang, et al. Indium selenide for
[70] Sousa J M, Okhotnikov O G. Short pulse generation and control in Er-doped frequency-shifted-feedback fibre lasers[J]. Optics Communications, 183, 227-241(2000).
[71] Hu T, Hudson D D, Jackson S D. FMmodelocked fiber laser operating at 2.9 μm[C]Proceedings of 2013 Conference on Lasers ElectroOptics Pacific Rim. Kyoto: IEEE, 2013: 12.
[72] Woodward R I, Majewski M R, Jackson S D. Mode-locked dysprosium fiber laser: picosecond pulse generation from 2.97 to 3.30 μm[J]. APL Photonics, 3, 116106(2018).
[73] Majewski M R, Woodward R I, Jackson S D. Ultrafast mid-infrared fiber laser mode-locked using frequency-shifted feedback[J]. Optics Letters, 44, 1698-1701(2019).
[74] Henderson-Sapir O, Bawden N, Majewski M R, et al. Mode-locked and tunable fiber laser at the 3.5 µm band using frequency-shifted feedback[J]. Optics Letters, 45, 224-227(2020).
[75] Brabec T, Krausz F. Intense few-cycle laser fields: frontiers of nonlinear optics[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 72, 545-591(2000).
[76] Chernikov S V, Dianov E M, Richardson D J, et al. Soliton pulse compression in dispersion-decreasing fiber[J]. Optics Letters, 18, 476-478(1993).
[77] Travers J C, Stone J M, Rulkov A B, et al. Optical pulse compression in dispersion decreasing photonic crystal fiber[J]. Optics Express, 15, 13203-13211(2007).
[78] Nisoli M, De Silvestri S, Svelto O. Generation of high energy 10 fs pulses by a new pulse compression technique[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 68, 2793-2795(1996).
[79] Schulte J, Sartorius T, Weitenberg J, et al. Nonlinear pulse compression in a multi-pass cell[J]. Optics Letters, 41, 4511-4514(2016).
[80] Pelusi M D, Liu Haifeng. Higher order soliton pulse compression in dispersion-decreasing optical fibers[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 33, 1430-1439(1997).
[81] Amorim A A, Tognetti M V, Oliveira P, et al. Sub-two-cycle pulses by soliton self-compression in highly nonlinear photonic crystal fibers[J]. Optics Letters, 34, 3851-3853(2009).
[82] Kieu K, Renninger W H, Chong A, et al. Sub-100 fs pulses at watt-level powers from a dissipative-soliton fiber laser[J]. Optics Letters, 34, 593-595(2009).
[83] Dudley J M, Tayl J R. Supercontinuum generation in optical fibers[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
[84] Moon S, Kim D Y. Ultra-high-speed optical coherence tomography with a stretched pulse supercontinuum source[J]. Optics Express, 14, 11575-11584(2006).
[85] Maria M, Gonzalo I B, Feuchter T, et al.
[86] Poudel C, Kaminski C F. Supercontinuum radiation in fluorescence microscopy and biomedical imaging applications[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 36, A139-A153(2019).
[87] Mayer A S, Klenner A, Johnson A R, et al. Frequency comb offset detection using supercontinuum generation in silicon nitride waveguides[J]. Optics Express, 23, 15440-15451(2015).
[88] Kaminski C F, Watt R S, Elder A D, et al. Supercontinuum radiation for applications in chemical sensing and microscopy[J]. Applied Physics B, 92, 367-378(2008).
[89] Dai Shixun, Wang Yingying, Peng Xuefeng, et al. A review of mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in chalcogenide glass fibers[J]. Applied Sciences, 8, 707(2018).
[90] Yu Yi, Gai Xin, Wang Ting, et al. Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in chalcogenides[J]. Optical Materials Express, 3, 1075-1086(2013).
[91] Belal M, Xu L, Horak P, et al. Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in suspended core tellurite microstructured optical fibers[J]. Optics Letters, 40, 2237-2240(2015).
[92] Thapa R, Rhonehouse D, Nguyen D, et al. IR supercontinuum generation in ultralow loss, dispersionzero shifted tellurite glass fiber with extended coverage beyond 4.5 μm[C]Proceedings of SPIE 8898, Technologies f Optical Countermeasures X; HighPower Lasers 2013: Technology Systems. Dresden: SPIE, 2013: 889808.
[93] Wang Yingying, Dai Shixun. Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in chalcogenide glass fibers: a brief review[J]. PhotoniX, 2, 9(2021).
[94] Marandi A, Rudy C W, Plotnichenko V G, et al. Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in tapered chalcogenide fiber for producing octave-spanning frequency comb around 3 μm[J]. Optics Express, 20, 24218-24225(2012).
[95] Møller U, Yu Yi, Kubat I, et al. Multi-milliwatt mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in a suspended core chalcogenide fiber[J]. Optics Express, 23, 3282-3291(2015).
[96] Corwin K L, Newbury N R, Dudley J M, et al. Fundamental noise limitations to supercontinuum generation in microstructure fiber[J]. Physical Review Letters, 90, 113904(2003).
[97] Starecki F, Braud A, Abdellaoui N, et al. 7 to 8 µm emission from Sm3+ doped selenide fibers[J]. Optics Express, 26, 26462-26469(2018).
[98] Crane R W, Sójka Ł, Furniss D, et al. Experimental photoluminescence and lifetimes at wavelengths including beyond 7 microns in Sm3+-doped selenide-chalcogenide glass fibers[J]. Optics Express, 28, 12373-12384(2020).
[99] Bernier M, Faucher D, Vallée R, et al. Bragg gratings photoinduced in ZBLAN fibers by femtosecond pulses at 800 nm[J]. Optics Letters, 32, 454-456(2007).
[100] Bharathan G, Fernandez T T, Ams M, et al. Femtosecond laser direct-written fiber Bragg gratings with high reflectivity and low loss at wavelengths beyond 4 µm[J]. Optics Letters, 45, 4316-4319(2020).
[101] Bharathan G, Fernandez T T, Ams M, et al. Optimized laser-written ZBLAN fiber Bragg gratings with high reflectivity and low loss[J]. Optics Letters, 44, 423-426(2019).
[102] Aydin Y O, Maes F, Fortin V, et al. Endcapping of high-power 3 µm fiber lasers[J]. Optics Express, 27, 20659-20669(2019).
[103] Magnan-Saucier S, Duval S, Matte-Breton C, et al. Fuseless side-pump combiner for efficient fluoride-based double-clad fiber pumping[J]. Optics Letters, 45, 5828-5831(2020).
[104] Aydin Y O, Fortin V, Vallée R, et al. Towards power scaling of 2.8 μm fiber lasers[J]. Optics Letters, 43, 4542-4545(2018).
[105] Liu Zhanwei, Ziegler Z M, Wright L G, et al. Megawatt peak power from a Mamyshev oscillator[J]. Optica, 4, 649-654(2017).
[106] Repgen P, Schuhbauer B, Hinkelmann M, et al. Mode-locked pulses from a Thulium-doped fiber Mamyshev oscillator[J]. Optics Express, 28, 13837-13844(2020).
[107] Wright L G, Christodoulides D N, Wise F W. Spatiotemporal mode-locking in multimode fiber lasers[J]. Science, 358, 94-97(2017).
[108] Wright L G, Sidorenko P, Pourbeyram H, et al. Mechanisms of spatiotemporal mode-locking[J]. Nature Physics, 16, 565-570(2020).
[109] Teğin U, Kakkava E, Rahmani B, et al. Spatiotemporal self-similar fiber laser[J]. Optica, 6, 1412-1415(2019).
[110] Dai Chuansheng, Dong Zhipeng, Lin Jiaqiang, et al. Self-cleaning effect in an all-fiber spatiotemporal mode-locked laser based on graded-index multimode fiber[J]. Optik, 243, 167487(2021).
[111] Blanco-Redondo A, de Sterke C M, Sipe J E, et al. Pure-quartic solitons[J]. Nature Communications, 7, 10427(2016).
[112] Runge A F J, Hudson D D, Tam K K K, et al. The pure-quartic soliton laser[J]. Nature Photonics, 14, 492-497(2020).
[113] Runge A F J, Hudson D D, Tam K K K, et al. Highder dispersion solitons in modelocked lasers[C]Proceedings of CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science 2020. Washington: Optical Society of America, 2020: FTh1A. 1.