Fig. 1. The smear in the image taken by DPC
Fig. 2. The diagram of charge removal
Fig. 3. Frame transfer diagram
Fig. 4. Integrating sphere imaging at the edge of the DPC field of view
Fig. 5. Gray value of dark line pixels at the edge of the field of view
Fig. 6. The simulation model of integrating sphere imaging on frame transfer CCD
Fig. 7. Smear simulation model of integrating sphere in DPC imaging
Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of spot area,smear area and adjacent no smear area in integrating sphere smear simulation image
Fig. 9. The relationship between the gray value of the spot area pixel and the in integrating sphere smear simulation image
Fig. 10. The relationship between the gray value of the spot area pixel and the in integrating sphere smear simulation image
Fig. 11. The diagram of DPC imaging system and experimental platform
Fig. 12. The DPC imaging with different number of integrating sphere lights
Fig. 13. Comparison of evaluation results between experiment and simulation
Fig. 14. The smear percentage of gray standard deviation and average gradient with different target radiance
Fig. 15. Optimizing algorithm for correcting smear based on the dark lines method
Fig. 16. The image and smear formed by the integrating sphere on the 565 nm band of DPC
Fig. 17. The relationship between the number of dark lines and the degree of image smear after correction
Fig. 18. The image after correction
Fig. 19. The of each channel after different number of dark lines correction
Fig. 20. The of each channel after different number of dark lines correction
Parameter | Value |
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Gray value in spot area | 720 | 1 440 | 2 159 | 2 871 | Maximum gray value in smear area | 28 | 55 | 83 | 111 | Gray value in no smear area | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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Table 1. The gray value of different regions in integrating sphere smear simulation image
Number of lights | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 48 | 64 |
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Average gray value of spot area | 136 | 258 | 388 | 513 | 772 | 1 023 | 2 050 | 3 098 | 4 140 | 5 704 | 7 785 | The maximum gray value of smear | 18 | 20 | 23 | 30 | 36 | 42 | 86 | 117 | 156 | 220 | 296 |
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Table 2. The number of lights on the integrating sphere and the gray value of the spot area
Channel/nm | 443 | 490(P2) | 565 | 670(P2) | 763 | 765 | 865(P2) | 910 |
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Optimal dark lines(N) | 9 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 14 | before correction | 35.64% | 67.39% | 32.59% | 58.15% | 80.84% | 76.80% | 79.68% | 88.14% | after correction | 17.69% | 27.51% | 3.31% | 7.55% | 11.25% | 10.47% | 11.62% | 16.84% | before correction | 14.67% | 19.64% | 21.41% | 34.22% | 69.60% | 63.47% | 66.97% | 78.82% | after correction | 4.19% | 6.84% | 5.55% | 8.79% | 21.18% | 17.56% | 20.43% | 26.70% |
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Table 3. The smear of and before and after correction with optimal dark lines