The water quality testing principle by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is introduced. Using the scanning mode angular spectral testing and the CCD angular spectral testing, a kind of highresolution, wide-range, and portable optical waveguide SPR angular spectral testing system is studied, the method of improving the testing accuracy is discussed, and a long-life surface plasmon optical waveguide transducer is also proposed. Utilizing the SPR testing system, we contrastively tack some test for several sorts of solution, the results presented that significant differences of SPR peaks observed in different sorts of liquid, which indicated the effectiveness of SPR technology used in water quality testing and analysis.