The laying angle deviation of FBG shape sensors leads to measurement errors in curvature and torsion, which in turn affects the reconfiguration accuracy of shape sensors. To address this issue, this paper proposes a self-calibration model for FBG laying angle deviation based on whale optimization algorithm (WOA). The reconfiguration experiment verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. The remote reconfiguration errors of different shapes were reduced from 11.66 and 22.6mm to 5.63 and 10.47mm, respectively. The relative errors were reduced from 2.56% and 4.96% to 1.21% and 2.25%, and the relative errors were reduced from 2.56% and 4.96% to 0.95% and 2.06%, respectively.