High carbon Fe-based alloy with various C contents is deposited by laser cladding technology. Optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), microhardness tester and electrochemical workstation are used to investigate the microstructure, phase, carbide morphology and composition distribution, microhardness and corrosion resistance of the cladding. The results show that the microstructure of high carbon Fe-based alloy is uniformed and compacted. With 2.5% C (mass fraction) in the cladding, the microstructure consists of primary γ-Fe with columnar dendrite morphology and inter-dendrite M7C3 carbide. With 4.5% C in the cladding, the microstructure consists of primary M7C3 carbide with equiaxed dendrite morphology and eutectic (M7C3+γ-Fe). With the content of C increasing, the average microhardness of the cladding increases from 913.96 HV to 1421.54 HV. Meanwhile, the corrosion resistance of the cladding is improved.